Dentaria. CRUCIFERiE. 153 



including a stout style a Hue or two in length, 4-14-seeded. — L. aurea, Hook. f. Bot. Mag. 

 t. 5730. — Barrens of Kentucky, Short; near La Vergne and about Nashville, Tennessee, 

 Gattinger. 



42. DENTARIA, Tourn. Toothwort, Pepper-root. (Latin dens, a 

 tooth, from the toothed rootstocks of some of the species.) — Nearly or quite 

 glabrous perennials, growing in damp woods, and blooming in early spring, rarely 

 fruiting ; flowers large. Distinguished from Cardamine (with which it has been 

 united by R. Brown and Bentham & Hooker) most obviously by its habit. 

 The foliage of many species is very variable. The stem is rarely branched, and 

 the styles are usually slender and elongated. The remaining species are con- 

 fined to temperate regions of Europe, with a single species in Eastern Asia ; none 

 are arctic or alpine. — Inst. 225, t. 110; L. Gen. no. 540; Gray, Gen. 111. i. 

 137, t. 56 ; Eeichenb. Ic. Fl. Germ. ii. 30-32. [By S. Watson.] 



* Rootstock elongated : leaves 3-foliolate : species of the Atlantic States and Mississippi 

 Valley. 



D. diphylla, MiCHx. (Pepper-root.) Rootstock several inches in length, often branched, 

 strongly toothed at the numerous nodes : cauline leaves two, approximate or opposite ; the 

 leaflets very shortly petiolulate, ovate or oblong-ovate, sometimes obscurely lobed, coarsely 

 crenate, the teeth abruptly acute, glabrous or sparingly hispid on tlie veins beneath, often 

 minutely scabrous on the margin, 1 to 4 inches long ; peduncle glabrous : petals white or 

 pale purple : pods " an inch long, the style a third of the whole or more." — Fl. ii. 30 ; 

 Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 1465 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 87. D. bifolia, Stokes, Bot. Mat. Med. iii. 

 443. Cardamine dipki/lki, Wood, Bot. & Fl. 37. — Nova Scotia to South Carolina, and west- 

 ward to Minnesota and Kentucky. 



* * Rootstock tuberous, more or less mouiliform. 



-)— Cauline leaves divided (rarely all entire in D. Cahfornica). 



++ Eastern closely related species. 



D. laciniata, Muhl. Tubers usually not jointed, nor prominently tubercled, becoming 

 longitudinally sulcate : peduncle often pubescent and margin of the leaves scabrous, as in 

 the following species : cauline leaves three or two, usually verticillate or approximate, 

 divided or parted into three segments ; the lateral segments often deeply 2-lobqd, all broadly 

 oblong to linear, more or less laciniately toothed (very rarely entire), 1 to 4 inches long; 

 basal leaves similar : petals pale rose-color to white . pods an inch long or more, not includ- 

 ing the style (3 to 6 lines) ; seeds orbicular or oblong ; cotyledons very unequal, one very 

 thick, the other very small, half the length of the acute radicle, which is cleft to the middle. 

 — Muhl. in Willd. Spec. iii. 479; Barton, Fl. N. Am. iii. 4, t. 72; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. 86, 

 excl. var. 5. D. concalenata, Michx. 1. c. Cardamine laciniata, Wood, 1. c. 38. — From 

 Quebec to Ontario and Minnesota, and southv/ard to Florida and Louisiana. 



Var. multifida, J. F. Jame.s. Tubers deep-seated and_ stems erect in fruit : a slender 

 form with the narrowly linear segments of the leaflets usually more or less divided into 

 linear lobes. — Bot. Gaz. xiii. 234. D. multijida, Muhl. Cat. 60; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. 87. 

 D. dissecta, Leavenworth, Am. Jour. Sci. ser. 1, vii. 62. Cardamine multijida, Wood, 1. c, 

 not Pursh. — N. Carolina and Georgia to Tennessee and Alabama. 



D. heteroph^Ua, Nutt. Tubers jointed, narrowly oblong, or thick-clavate, with scattered 

 prominent "eyes" or tubercles: leaves two (rarely three), opposite or alternate, 3-foliolate; 

 leaflets distinctly petiolulate, oblong-lanceolate to linear, entire or rather deeply crenate, 

 rarely laciniate or lobed, 1 to 3 inches long ; basal leaves with ovate or sometimes lanceo- 

 late leaflets, usually lobed or crenate : pods nearly as in the last ; seeds orbicular ; cotyle- 

 dons equal in length, one narrower by the thickness of the acute radicle, which is cleft to 

 above the middle.— Gen. ii. 66; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 87. Cardamine heterophi/lla, Wood, 

 1- c. — Pennsylvania to Georgia and west to Kentucky and Tennessee ; said to bloom a week 

 later than the preceding species. 



