Viola. VIOLACEiE. 197 



— Kew. iii. 287; Pursh, 1. c. 172; Reichenb. 1. c. 38, t. 42, f. 88; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 138; 

 Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 1471 ; Gray, Man. 45, & Geu. 111. i. 186, t. 80; Meehan, Nat. Flowers, 

 ser. 1, i. t. 33; Sprague & Goodale, Wild Flowers, t. 9. V. primulifo/ia, Pursh, Fl. i. 173. 

 V. dentata, Pursh, Fl. i. 172; Lodd. 1. c. t. 1485. V. ciliata, Muhl. Cat. 26. V. ovata, Nutt. 

 Gen. i. 148; Bigel. Fl. Post. ed. 2, 96. V. Jimbriatula, Smith in Kees, Cycl. xxxviii. V. 

 Alleghaniensis, Poem. & Schult. Syst. v. 360. V. scujittata, ovata, & emarginata, Le Conte, 

 1. c. 142-143.1 — Gravelly and sandy moist or nearly dry ground, Nova Scotia and Canada 

 to Florida, Texas, and Minnesota. Some forms pass into V. palmata. 



-f— H— Rootstocks thickish and creeping, commonly sending off leafy and floriferous stolons or 

 runners above ground : corolla blue or violet, with white varieties ; lateral petals usually 

 bearded ; spur short and saccate : leaves round-cordate and merely crenulate. 



V. Langsdorffli, Fischer. A span or two high : radical petioles often 6 or 8 inches long : 

 stoloniferous shoots when present short and ascending, becoming 2-3-leaved floriferous 

 stems with rather large stipules : flower large, three fourtlis to full inch long ; thick saccate 

 spur as broad as long. — DC. Prodr. i. 296; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 77 ; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. i. 

 250; Maxim. Diag. PI. Nov. Asiat. i. 741. V. mirahilis, var. Langsdorjfii, Regel, Bull. Soc. 

 Nat. Mosc. XXXV. 240, t. 6, f. 24-29, but broad spur and scaly rootstock unlike V. mirabilis. 



— Arctic Alaska and Islands to Brit. Columbia.^ 



V. odorAta, L. (Sweet Violet.) More or less pubescent, proliferous by long stolons: 

 stipules glandular : flowers fragrant. — Spec. ii. 934. — Escaped from cultivation in various 

 places. (Sparingly nat. from Eu.) 



-1— -1— H— Rootstocks long and filiform (not thickened nor scaly except somewhat at base 

 of older flowering plants), extensively creeping underground : plants low or small. 



++ Corolla blue or purple. 



V. Selkirkii, Pursh, ./irfe Goldie. Leaves from rounded- to ovate-cordate and with deep 

 narrow sinus, serrate, commonly acutish (at first half inch, in age inch or two long), upper 

 face hirsute-pubescent : sepals acute or acuminate : petals beardless, violet-blue, 3 or 4 lines 

 long, little longer than the stout and very blunt cylindraceous spur. — Edinb. Phil. Jour. vi. 

 324 (1822); Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 75; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 137; Gray, Man. ed. 5, 78; 

 Franch. & Savat. Enum. PI. Jap. i. 41, & ii. 284 ; Maxim. 1. c. 730. V. Kaintschatica, Ging. 

 Linnsea, i. 406 (1826); Regel, Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. xxxv. 227, t. 6, f. 7-15. V. umbrosa, 

 Fries, Novit. 271 (1828), &c. V. borealis, Weinm. Linnsea, x. 66. — Damp woods. New 

 Brunswick and Nova Scotia to mountains of Massachusetts and Pennsylvania, Upper Michi- 

 gan, Minnesota, and northward. (N. Eu. to Kamtsch., &c.) 



V. palustris, L. Wholly glabrous: leaves reniform-cordate, with rounded summit and 

 open sinus, crenulate (mostly an inch and in age often 2 inches broad) : sepals ovate, 

 obtuse : petals liglit blue or lilac (rarely white or nearly so), all nearly beardless, 3 or 4 lines 

 long ; spur short and saccate. — Spec. ii. 934 ; Fl. Dan. 83 ; Reichenb. Ic. Fl. Germ. iii. t. 2 ; 

 Ging. in DC. Prodr. i. 294 (excl. var. Pennsjilvanica, which, unless from Wliite Mountains, 

 must be a small form of V. cucuUata, under which name Bigelow sent it) ; Torr. & Gray, 

 Fl. i. 139 ; Gray, Am. Jour. Sci. ser. 2, xxxiii. 404 ; Wats. Bot. King Exp. 34. V. epipsila, 

 Ledeb., is probably a variety of this. — Damp and shady ground, Labrador and alpine region 

 of mountains of New England to Saskatchewan, and northward ; higher Rocky Mountains 

 in Colorado, and north to those of Washington and to ai'ctic Alaska. (Eu., N. Asia.) 



++ ++ Corolla always white, mostly with brown-purple lines on lower or also on lateral 

 petals, or lower purple-tinged ; lateral ones bearded or beardless in the same species ; 

 spur short and saccate : stigma as if truncate and margined and antrorsely short-pointed. 

 The three species seemingly run together. 



= Leaves round-cordate or reniform, on slender marginless petioles. 



1 The recently published V. sagittata, var. Hichsii, C. L. Pollard, Bot. Gaz. xx. 326, with pubes- 

 cent ovate-oblong cordate unlobed leaves, is one of several freely intergrading forms. The " recurved 

 fruiting peduncles " and distinctly mottled seeds are not infrequently associated with quite different 

 foliage. 



2 Southward apparently to Oregon (Howell, nos. 631, 1489), where the rootstock is more elon- 

 gated and slender. 



