198 VIOLACE^. 



V. blanda, Willd. Commonly glabrous or uearly so, and with only sul^terraueau filiform 

 rootstocks : leaves thin, crenulate, from ovate-cordate to round-reniform, at blossoming from 

 half inch to inch and a half long : scapes 1 to 3 inches high : flowers faintly sweet-scented : 

 sepals from oblong- to almost ovate-lanceolate : petals 3 or 4 lines long, usually all beard- 

 less; lower one usually conspicuously dark-veiny. — Hort. Berol. t. 24; Pursh, Fi. i. 172; 

 Reichenb. Ic. PI. Crit. i. 43, t. 51, f. 104; Le Conte, 1. c. 144; Gray, Man. ed. 5, 77 ; Sprague 

 & Goodale, Wild Flowers, t. 21.i — Low or wet and mostly open grounds, common from 

 Newfoundland to N. Carolina north and west to Mackenzie River, lat. 66°, Brit. Columbia, 

 and mountains of California. 



Var. palustriformis, CiRAy. Larger form, growing in shady and mossy ground or 

 leaf-mould, where it is freely stolouiferous : leaves comparatively large, their upper face 

 commonly and sjiarsely hirsutulous in the manner of V. Selkirkii, but less so : flowers 

 rather larger; the petals usually 5 lines long; lower one less striate-veiny and lateral 

 oftener bearded: scapes and tip of spur usually reddish or purplish. — Bot. Gaz. xi. 255. 

 V. ohliqua, Pursh, 1. c, not Hill. V. clatulestina, Pursh, 1. c. 173, according to Torr. & 

 Gray, Fl. i. 139, but probably not so, although this is freely cleistogamous. V. amoena, 

 Le Conte, 1. c. 144. V. palustris (Hook. f. Arct. PI.), Wats. Bot. King Exp. 34.- — Canada 

 to Delaware, and in Rocky Mountains, &c. : passes into the type, resembles V. palustris (with 

 which Hooker would unite the whole), but has white corolla, narrower and acute or acutish 

 sepals, &c. 



Var. renifolia, Gray, l. c. From slightly to strongly pubescent with soft and 

 spreading multicellular hairs ; but upper face of reniform leaves mostly quite glabrous : 

 sepals lanceolate: petals usually beardless. — V. renifolia, Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. viii. 288. 

 — Wet mossy woods and swamps, Nova Scotia to the country north of Lake Superior, 

 Minnesota, and south to Massachusetts, W. New York, &c. 



= = Leaves from linear to spatulate or ovate or subcordate, tlic base decurrent into a 

 margined petiole: sometimes leafy along (chiefly subterranean) summer stolons. 



V. primulaefolia, L. Glabrous or pubescent : leaves from deltoid-ovate or subcordate and 

 acute to ovate or oblong witli either obtuse or tapering base : flowers of the preceding : 

 lateral petals oftener bearded. — Spec. ii. 934; Le Conte, 1. c. 145; Reichenb. 1. c. t. 45, f. 

 96 ; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. 139. V. acuta, Bigel. FI. Bost. ed. 2, 95. — Damp or almo.st dry soil. 

 Lower Canada and New Brunswick to Florida and Louisiana, especially toward the coast.^ 

 Varies nearly to preceding and to following. 



Var. occidentalis, Gray, 1. c. Glabrous form, with oblong-ovate or spatulate- 

 oblong leaves, all narrowed at base, apparently quite like eastern plants, was coll. at Waldo, 

 S. W. Oregon, by Howell. 



V. lanceolata, L. Glabrous : leaves from broadly lanceolate or some earliest oblong-spat- 

 ulate to linear or nearl}' so, attenuate at base, callous-denticulate : jjetals beardless ; lower 

 one often mucli colored. — Linn. 1. c. (excl. pi. Sibir.) ; Michx. Fl. ii. 150; Pursh, 1. c. 172; 

 Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 211 ; Reichenb. 1. c. t. 52, f. 106; Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard. t. 174; Gray, 

 Man. ed. 5, 77. V. attenuata, Sweet, Hort. Brit. 37.* — Low and grassy ground. Nova Scotia, 

 to L, Superior, and south to Florida and Texas. 



++++++ Corolla yellow : otherwise nearly of last preceding section, but adult leaves 

 much more accrescent. 



V. rotundifolia, Michx. Minutely pubescent when young, glabrate : leaves round-ovate 

 and cordate with narrow or overlap])ed sinus, repand-crenulate, in flower seldom over inch 

 long, liecoming in summer 3 to 5 inches in diameter and flat on the ground, then lucid : 

 base of some or all the petals lineate or sometimes tinged with brown-purple ; lateral ones 

 usually bearded. — Fl. ii. 150; DC. Prodr. i. 295 ; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. 138; Reichenb. Ic. 



1 The recently published V, Maclosheyi, F. E. Lloyd, Erythea, iii. 74, is with little doubt a form 

 of this species. Here as elsewhere in the genus small weak plants are apt to produce reduced flowers 

 (with thin greenish or colorless petals), transitions from the cleistogamous ones ('). 



2 Add syn. F. blanda, var. amcena, Britt. Sterns & Poggenb. Torr. Club, Prelim. Cat. N. Y. 6, 

 8 Also reported as far inland as Minnesota, by Upham, and by MacMillan. 



4 Add syn. V. jmrva, A. B. Simonds & others, Fl. Fitchburg, Mass., 7, as to character. 



