Viola. VIOLACE.E. 199 



Bot. Exot. ii. t. 124; Gray, I. c. V. clanclestinn, Pursh, Fl. i. 173 (cleistogamous summer 

 state), from descr. & habitat. — On slopes iu cold aud damp woods. Nova Scotia and Lower 

 Canada to Peun.,i and along higher mountains to N. Carolina; first coll. by Michaux. 



* * * Low-caulescent only by stoloniform flowering branches or by ascending 2-3-leaved 

 stems, slender, almost glabrous, multiplying by long filiform rootstocks : leaves reniform 

 or cordate aud only crenulate-deuticulate : corolla pure light yellow, with short saccate 

 spur : stigma terminal, beardless and beakless. 



V. sarmentosa, Dougl. Rootstock thickened and stipular-scaly under old flowering 

 plants, bearing a cluster of roundish-cordate (in age brown-punctate) leaves and scapes of 

 about the length of the petioles, later producing long leafy runners bearing axillary flowers : 

 stipules browu-scarious, ovate-subulate : petals about 4 lines long ; spur very short and 

 broad : stigma obscurely margined. — Dougl. in Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 80 ; Torr. & Gray, 

 Fl. i. 143. — Coniferous woods, Idaho and northward to Brit. Columbia, thence south to 

 Coast Mountains of California ; first coll. by Douglas. 



Var. orbiculata, Gray, n. var. Leaves round-reniform, more lucid : leafy runners 

 few and short, bearing only cleistogamous flowers. — V. orbiculata, Geyer in Hook. Lond. 

 Jour. Bot. vi. 73. ? V. rotundifolia, Hook. 1. c. — Mountains of Idaho and Washington, 

 Gei/er, Siiksdorf. 



V. biflora, L. Flowering rarely from the rootstock, 1-2-flowered at summit of span high 

 2-3-leaved ascending stems : leaves round-reniform (about inch wide) : stipules of cauline 

 leaves green, ovate or oblong, obtuse : saccate spur conical : stigma margined on two sides. 

 — Spec. ii. 936; Fl. Dan. t. 46; Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 2089; Ileichenb. Ic. Fl. Germ. iii. t. 1, f. 

 4489; Gray, Am. Jour. Sci. ser. 2, xxxiii. 404. — Rocky Mountains of Colorado, Parry, 

 Hall & Harbour. (Kamtsch. and Japan to Eu.) 



* * * * Subcaulescent, first flowering from the ground, and later usually more caulescent 

 (producing ascending or erect leaf-bearing stems a span or two high) on slender shoots 

 from erect or ascending rootstocks, not stolouiferous or creeping : stipules partly and 

 variably adnate : corolla wholly or partly yellow (except in last two species) and with 

 short-saccate spur : stigma beakless, sometimes with a short lip, concave, mostly orbic- 

 ular, antrorse-terminal or slightly oblique at the large and gibbous clavate summit of 

 the style, bearded below its margin on each side by a tuft, or sometimes by nearly a ring, 

 of stiff and reflexed or spreading bristles. Western species, one also cismoutane. 



-)— Leaves undivided, round-ovate or subcordate to lanceolate : lateral petals either sUglitly 

 bearded or beardless in the same species. 



•H- Ovary and oval capsule glabrous. 



V. pedunculata, Torr. & Gray. Barely puberulent : short-caulescent stems commonly 

 ascending from filiform subterranean base aud soon spreading : leaves round-ovate or dilated 

 subcordate, mostly repaud-dentate (5 to 10 lines or at length inch and a half long), com- 

 paratively long-petioled : stipules narrow, uppermost often sparingly toothed : flower large, 

 on peduncle (2 to 5 inches long) much surpassing the leaves : petals half inch long or more 

 deep golden yellow, with brown-purple lines at base and upper ones sometimes particolored 

 with same: sepals lanceolate. — Fl. i. 141 ; Hook. Bot. Mag. t. .5004; Brew. & Wats. Bot. 

 Calif, i. 56 ; Fl. Serres, xxiii. t. 2426. — California, from San Francisco Bay to San Diego, 

 and nearly to Arizona. 



V. Nuttallii, Pursh. Villous-pubescent, glabrate, or nearly glabrous : leaves ovate to 

 oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, entire or slightly repand-crenate or barely denticulate, more or 

 less decurreut into long margined petiole : .stipules narrow, entire : peduncles shorter than 

 or rarely surpas.siug the leaves, aud light yellow petals 4 or 5 lines long, or (in var. major. 

 Hook.) longer than the leaves, and petals half inch or so long: sepals lanceolate to linear, 

 acute. — Fl. i. 174; Nutt. Gen. i. 151 ; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 79, t. 26; Wats. Bot. King 

 Exp. 35, excl. var. ; Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 57. V. prcemorsa, Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 

 80, partly, as to pi. Scouler ; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. ; not Dougl. in Lindl. V. linc/ucefolia, Nutt. 

 in Torr. & Gray, 1. c. — Plains of Kansas, Dr. L. Walson, and Colorado to Saskatchewan, 

 Brit. Columbia, and south to Ceutr. California. 



1 Jefferson Co., Indiana? Hubbard, aud reported from Minnesota by Upham and MacMillan. 



