Viola. VIOLACE^. 201 



V. trinervata, Howell. Glabrous : leaves once or twice pedately or palmately 3-5-parted 

 or divided ; the lateral divisions upturned ; all lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, tapering to a 

 mostly acute callous apex, thickish and firm, at length coriaceous, and prominently 3-ribbed, 

 lateral ribs intramargiual : stipules small and entire, free or nearly so : lower petals 

 "yellow": stigma with a beak-like lip. — Howell in distr., & (under var. ^ of Beckwithii) 

 Bot. Gaz. viii. 207 , Gray, ibid. xi. 290. V. chrijsantha, var. (jlaberrima, Torr. Bot. Wilkes 

 Exped. 238. — Dry prairies or rocky ground, Washington ; between the Spipen and the 

 Columbia, Pickering & Brackenridije, and Klikitat Co., Howell, Suksdorf.^ 



* :^ # * * Caulescent ; the few-several-leaved stems erect from short or creeping root- 

 stocks, no stolons, no radical flowers : spur of corolla short and saccate : lateral petals 

 commonly with a little papillose beard : stigma beakless, more or less bearded at 

 the sides. 



•i- Petals yellow : stems mostly naked at base, few-leaved and few-flowered above, at least 

 the early and main stems. 



++ Leaves all or some cleft or incised, or hastate, not round-cordate : plants glabrous or 

 pubescent, the simple long naked stems rarely over a span or two high. 



V. lobata, Benth. Leaves very various, dilated-reniform or flabelliform in outline, pedately 

 or digitately 3-9-lobed, parted, or only laciniate, the lobes from linear to ovate : upper 

 stipules usually large and foliaceous : petals half inch or less in length, the upper often- 

 brownish or purple-tinged. — PI. Hartw. 298 ; Torr. Pacif. R. Rep. iv. 68 ; Brew. & Wats. 

 Bot. Calif, i. 57. V. Seqiioiensis, Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. ii. 185, f. 55. — Woods, 

 sparsely from S. California to within the borders of Oregon ; first coll. by Ilartwe/j, later by 

 Bifjelow, &c. 



Var. integrifolia, Watson, 1. c. Ambiguous between this and V. glabella: leaves 

 deltoid- or rhombic-ovate, often caudate-acuminate, only the radical cordate. — Sierra Co., 

 California,'- and adjacent Nevada, Lemmon ; Waldo, Oregon, Howell. 



V. hastata, Michx. Commonly glabrous, with slender stem from a short and horizontal 

 fleshy rootstock : leaves 2 to 4, approximate at summit, lanceolate-hastate to deltoid and 

 subcordate, acuminate or acute, denticulate-serrate ; radical usually cordate-ovate : stipules 

 rather small, entire or with few slender teeth : petals quarter inch or more long. — Fl. ii. 

 149; Pursh, Fl. i. 174; Le Conte, Ann. Lye. N. Y. ii. 150; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 141.3 

 V. gibbosa, Raf. in DC. Prodr. i. 305. V. hirta, Lewis, in DC. 1. c. 300, pubescent form. — 

 Rich woods, of -the Alleghanies and adjacent lower country, W. Florida to Penn. and 

 N. Ohio ; first coll. by Michaux. 



Var. tripartita, Gray. Sometimes villous-pubescent : lower leaves 3-parted or 

 3-foliolate ; divisions or leaflets lanceolate or broader, sessile or slender-petiolulate. — Bot. 

 Gaz. xi. 291. V. tripartita, Ell. Sk. i. 302 ; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. 142. — Georgia to N. Carolina, 

 an aberrant form. 



++ ++ Leaves merely serrate, nearly all cordate. Species, along with the N. Asian V. uni- 

 flora, L., successively nearly or quite confluent. 



V. glabella, Ndtt. Glabrous or puberuleut, bright green : stems a span to at length often 

 a foot high from a creeping flesliy-dentate rootstock, mostly weak : leaves crenulate-serrate, 

 round-cordate and with a small acumination, or radical reniform ; uppermost short-petioled : 

 stipules small, ovate to lanceolate, thin-membranaceous or scarious : capsule oblong, gla- 

 brous. — Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 142 ; Brew. & Wats. 1. c. 57. Maxim. Diag. PI. Nov. 

 Asiat. i. 752. V. Canadensis, var. Sitchensis, Bong. ace. to Ledeb. Fl. Ross. i. 255. V. Cana- 

 densis, Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 80, as to pi. N. W. Coast, "V. Sconlerii, Dougl."; Bong. Veg. 

 Sitch. 125. V. striata, Hook. Lond. Jour. Bot. vi. 72, not Ait. V. biflora, var. Sitchensis, 

 Regel, Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. xxxv. 253 ; Rothrock, Fl. Alaska, 444. — Woods, Alaska and 

 Islands to Monterey and Mariposa Co., California,* east to the northern Rocky Mountains, 

 where it seems to pass into V. pubescens. (Japan.) 



1 Also N. Yakima, Nevius. 



2 And inner Coa.st Range, ace. to Greene, Fl. Francis. 244. 

 8 Garden and Forest, iv. 76, f. 16. 



4 Valley of Kaweah, ace. to Coville, Contrib, U. S. Nat. Herb. iv. 69. 



