202 VIOLACEiE. • Viola. 



V. pubescens, Ait. From soft-puhesceut or villous to puberuleut : stems erect, often 

 robust : leaves crenate-deutate, mostly obtusely acumiuate, rouud-cordate or uppermost 

 broadly deltoid-ovate, the larger wheu accrescent often 3 or 4 inches wide : stipules usually 

 ample, broadly ovate to oblong ; upper ones membranaceo-herbaceous, commonly serrulate : 

 capsule (often half inch long), varying from glabrous to tomentose, and on same stem from 

 oblong to globular. — Kew.iii. 290 ; Pursh, Fl. i. 174 ; Reichenb. Ic. PI. Crit. i. 45, 92, t. 53, 

 f. Ill ; Le Conte, 1. c. 150; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. 142; Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard. t. 223; Lodd. 

 Bot. Cab. t. 1249; Maxim. 1. c. (with V. scabriuscula & eriocarpa). V. Pennsylvanica, 

 Michx. Fl. ii. 149. 1'. pubescens & eriocarpa, Schwein. Am. Jour. Sci. v. 74, 75. V. uni flora, 

 var. pubescens, Eegel, 1. c. 255. — Rich woods, Upper Georgia to New Brunswick and Canada, 

 Dakota, &c. Passes variously into 



Var. scabriuscula, Torr. & Gray, 1. c. A low form, from minutely or sparsely 

 pubescent to glabrate, and with leaves in age rarely over 2 inches wide : capsule from glob- 

 ular to oblong. — Gray, Man. 78. — With the pubescent form, and more widely distributed, 

 extending southwestward to middle parts of Texas and to Winnipeg. It were better named 

 glabrimcula than by the name Schweiuitz gave it as a species, as it is not at all scabrous. 

 ^— -f— Petals white with violet or purple tinge, and yellow or yellowish at base within : 

 stems more leafy toward the base, or more prolonged by successive leaf- and flower-bearing 

 increments until midsummer : stipules small, narrow, entire and scarious or nearly so : 

 capsule oval, glabrous. 

 V. Canadensis, L. Glabrous or slightly pubescent, at length a foot high from branching 

 ascending rootstocks : leaves cordate and mostl}^ acuminate, denticulate-serrate : petals 

 usually pale violet outside and white within with yellowish claws and some purple stripes, 

 sometimes more suffused with violet, or later ones nearly white throughout. — Spec. ii. 936 ; 

 Michx. Fl. ii. 150; Reichenb. Ic. PI. Crit. i. 45, t. 54, f. 113; Le Conte, 1. c. 148; Sweet, 

 Brit. Fl. Gard. ser. 2, t. 62; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 143. — Moist woods, Newfoundland to 

 Saskatchewan and westward, south to the mountains of Carolina, along the Rocky Moun- 

 tains to those of Utah, Arizona, and New Mexico where it passes into 



Var. SCOpulorum, Gray. Small in all its parts, very low, depressed-spreading : 

 leaves at flowering time only 3 to 8 lines long. — Bot. Gaz. xi. 291. — Rocky Mountains of 

 Colorado, in Clear Creek Canon, Greene} 

 V. ocellata, Torr. & Gray. Pubescent, slender, a span or two high from somewhat creep- 

 ing rootstocks : leaves cordate or subcordate, seldom acuminate or over an inch or so in 

 length : upper petals violet or with a deep violet spot on upper face ; lower white or with 

 some yellow, and purple veins. — Fl. i. 142; Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 56.- — Woods, 

 especially Redwoods, California, from Mendocino Co.^ to Monterey ; first coll. by Douglas. 

 V. Cuneata, Watson. Glabrous, with ascending slender stems a span or two high from 

 rigid creeping rootstocks : leaves an inch or two long, irregularly crenulate or obtusely den- 

 tate, radical some cordate, more dilated rhomboid-ovate with cuneate base, cauline similar 

 or more cuneate : flowers of the preceding or all the petals turning violet-purple and beard- 

 less. — Proc. Am. Acad. xiv. 290, & Bot. Calif, ii. 4.33. — Mountain woods, from Shasta and 

 Humboldt Co. to S. W. Oregon, Rattan, Lemmon, Howell. 



^ * * # * * Caulescent from more or less creeping rootstocks, or at first flowering 



nearly acaulesceiit, erect or spreading : leaves cordate, merely crenate or serrate : stipules 



more or less herbaceous : corolla from blue to white, with projecting oblong to cylindrical 



spur : style only moderately thickened upward, naked or nearly so, no beard at summit. 



-1— Spur of corolla not very long: lateral petals usually bearded : stigma inflexed, bearing 



a short scarious beak. {Canime.) 

 ■H- Stipules from serrate to fimbriate-pinnatifid or pectinate : leaves apt to be brown-dotted 

 in age. 

 V. striata, Ait. Glabrous or nearly so : stems 3-4-angled, in age usually l)ecoming a foot 

 or mure liigh and later leaves an inch or two long, flowering till after midsummer : corolla 



1 Var. scariosa, Porter, Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci. viii. 63, appears to be a form of the same, with 

 stipules (which are always thin) somewhat enlarged and more scarious about the base. 



2 Garden and Forest, iv. 51, f. 13. 



3 And northward to Cow Creek Mts., Oregon, Henderson. 



