212 CARYOPHYLLACE^. Dianthus. 



dentate. — Pursh, Fl. i. 314 ; Bigel. Fl. Bost. 108 ; Torr. Fl. N. & Midd, States, 447 ; Torr. 

 & Gray, Fl. i. 195. D. armeroides, Raf. in Desv. Jour. Bot. iii. 269 (1814), & Pre'cis 

 Decouv. 36 (1814). Atocion armerioides, Raf. Autikou Bot. 29. — Fields and pine woods, 

 Canada and Eastern States from Maine (Portland Catalogue) to Virginia and westward at 

 least as far as Michigan and Iowa (ace. to Shimek) ; also naturalized and spreading upon 

 rocky shores of Vancouver Isl. (ace. to J. M. Macoun) ; fl. June, July. Autumnal flowers 

 in October noted by L. F. Ward, and by others. (Eu., Caucasus.) 



-)— -1— -t— Bractlets broad, scarious, concealing the calyx. 



D. pr6lifer, L. 1. c. Annual, a foot or two in height : stems wiry : leaves narrow, minutely 

 scabrous, acute : heads terminal, 2 - several-flowered, inclosed in thin dry ovate obtusish 

 mucronate imbricated bractlets : flowers expanding one at a time, ephemeral : calyx tubu- 

 lar ; the veins faint, collected into five groups : petals small, notched, pink or red. — Eug. 

 Bot. t. 956. Tunica proUfera, Scop. Fl. Carn. ed. 2, i. 299. — New Jersey, Durand ; Eastern 

 Pennsylvania, Smith, Porter; Staten Island, Britton ; Suffolk Co., Long Island, Hollick; 

 Delaware, ace. to Commons ; Cleveland, 0., Beardslee ; fl. all summer. This species, 

 especially in its calyx, forms a transition to the next genus. (Eu., Caucasus.) 



3. TtTNICA, Rupp. ( Tunica, a tunic, probably in reference to the close 

 involucre.) — Slender wiry-stemmed herbs with small mostly linear leaves. 

 Flowers terminal, solitary or fascicled in small heads. — Fl. Jen. 105; Adans. 

 Fam. ii. 255, in part ; Scop. Fl. Carn. ed. 2, i. 298 ; Benth. & Hook. Gen. i. 

 145 ; Williams, Jour. Bot. xxviii. 193. — Old World plants represented in Amer- 

 ica by a single species recently introduced. 



T. SAXiFRAGA, Scop. 1. c. 300. Smooth : stems numerous, slender, branching, curved-ascend- 

 ing : leaves small, linear, acute, less than half a line in width: the lower internodes very 

 short : flowers small, numerous, terminal, solitary : bractlets 2 pairs, scarious except in the 

 middle, acute, considerably shorter than the calyx : petals notched, pale purple ; blades 

 a line in length. — Reichenb. Ic. Fl. Germ. vi. t. 246. Dianthus Saxifragus, L. Spec. i. 413. 

 — Flushing, L. I., J. Schrenk, and on roadsides near London, Ontario, Burgess. (Adv. 

 from Eu.) 



4. GYPS6PHILA, L, {TvhI/o<;, gypsum, and (^tXetv, to love, from a sup- 

 posed preference for soil rich in gypsum.) — Amcen. Acad. iii. 23 (Diss. Chen. 

 1751, 41), & Spec. i. 406 ; DC. Prodr. i. 251, in part ; Reichenb. 1. c. t. 239-242 ; 

 Benth. & Hook. Gen. i. 146; Williams, 1. c. xxvii. 321. — Old World herbs of 

 graceful habit, mostly natives of Southern Europe and Western Asia. Several 

 species are cultivated for ornament ; the following are sparingly naturalized. 



G. MURALis, L. Low annual with the habit of Ai-enaria : leaves small, linear, acute : flowers 

 scattered in the forks of tlie branches : pedicels filiform, two or three times as long as the 

 calyx ; petals pink with darker veins, emarginate, 2 to 3 lines in length. — Spec. i. 408 ; Fl. 

 Dan. t. 1268. — Roadsides and sandy places from Maine, Miss Blatchford, to 'New Jersey, 

 Brown, and westward to London, Canada, Dearness ; becoming frequent. (Adv. from S. 

 and Midd. Eu., Siberia.) 



G. paniculAta, L. 1. c. 407. (Baby's Breath.) Perennial, glabrous and somewhat glau- 

 cous, 2 feet or more in height: leaves lanceolate, acute, 1 to 1^ inches in length: flowers 

 very numerous in a compound panicle : segments of the calyx with conspicuous white sca- 

 rious margins : petals scarcely exceeding the calyx : capsule nearly spherical. — Reichenb. 

 1. c. t. 242. — Doubtfully established at Emerson, Manitoba, Fowler. (Adv. from Eu.) 



5. SAPONARIA, L. Soapwort. (Latin sapo, soap; S. officinalis 

 having been used as a substitute for soap, the juice being capable of forming a 

 lather.) — Syst. Nat. ed. 1, & Gen. no. 365 ; DC. Prodr. i. 365 ; Benth. & Hook. 

 Gen. i. 146. — A genus of the Old World including plants of diverse habit. Two 



