MALVACE^. 295 



bud, both 5-inerous, the petals united at very base and adnate to tube of filaments 

 (column). Anthers reniform and 1-celled, dehiscent round the convex side; 

 pollen-grains hispidulous. Gynoecium oligo-polymerous ; seeds amphitropous, 

 with little albumen or none ; embryo incurved, and broad foliaceous cotyledons 

 variously plicate or contortuplicate. Peduncles axillary ; pedicels often articu- 

 lated with the peduncle or under the calyx. Calyx persistent, often subtended 

 by an involucel like an accessory calyx, sometimes called an epicalyx. — A readily 

 distinguished and well defined order. The tropical suborder Bomhacece consists 

 of trees. 



Tribe I. MALOPE^, with indefinitely numerous 1-seeded carjiels congested with- 

 out order or in a 5-lobed head, has no N. American representatives. Malope mala- 

 coides, L., a European annual, sometimes cultivated in gardens, is in Walter's 

 Flora, probably by mistake; and Elliott's plant, from his own account and 

 opinion, was a mallow. Kitaibella, of Hungary, is in gardens. 



Tribe II. MALVE^. Carpels as many as the style-branches and stigmas, 

 crowded or combined in a single series around a central axis from which they 

 commonly separate at maturity, 1-few-ovulate. Stamineal column antheriferous 

 at the summit. 



Subtribe I. EuMALVEiE. Style-branches filiform, longitudinally stigmatose ante- 

 riorly. Carpels numerous or rarely few, mostly reniform and indehiscent, contain- 

 ing a solitary peritropous-ascending ovule and reniform seed. 



* Stamens simply monadelphous : flowers (hermaphrodite) involucellate under the calyx 

 by three or more bractlets, except in some species of Callirhoe. 



1 . MALVA. Involucel of 3 or rarely 2 distinct small bractlets. Calyx 5-cIeft. Petals obcor- 

 date or deeply emarginate. Mature carpels round-reniform, beakless, much compressed, 

 cohering in a depressed circle around the axis (whicli is not expanded or enlarged at top), 

 at length separating from it and from each other. Herbs, of tlie Old World. 



2. AT-iTH^A. Involucel of several (6 to 9 or more) bractlets more or less gamophyllous 

 at base. Flowers and fruit of MaJva. 



3. LAVATERA § Saviniona. Involucel of 3 more or less gamophyllous bractlets. Petals 

 reflexed after anthesis, emarginate or truncate, unguiculate. Stamineal column elongated. 

 Axis of fruit with more or less conical top. Carpels beakless. Shrubby. Flower-stalks 

 articulated above the middle. 



4. CALLIRHOE. Involucel 1-3-phyllous or wanting. Petals cuneiform or flabelliform, 

 the broad truncate summit erose-denticulate. Matiare carpels (10 to 20) straightish or little 

 incurved, compressed, more or less beaked or apiculate, the incurved short beak in typical 

 species with cavity separated from that containing the seed. Perennials with thick and 

 farinaceous napiform or fusiform root, one or two species excepted. 



* * Stamens more or less united into phalanges in a double series : flowers hermaphrodite 

 or by abortion of stamens sometimes dioecio-polygamous, mostly without involucel. 



5. SIDALCEA. Calyx ,5-cIeft or -parted. Petals commonly emarginate or truncate. 

 Stamineal column in the typical species distinctly double; the exterior series distinctly 

 below the summit of the common synema and of 5 distinct 4-1 0-antheriferous phalanges; 

 inner or terminal series of about 10 mostly 2 antheriferous phalanges, or irregularly more 

 or less geminate .stamens. Carpels 5 to 9, reniform, at maturity separating from a persistent 

 axis, then more lacerate ventrally, rarely somewhat 2-valved. 



* * * Stamens at summit of simple column, not in phalanges : flowers dioecious : no 

 involucel. 



6. NAP^A. Calyx short, not angulate, 5-lobed. Petals obovate, entire. The ji flowers 

 with 1.5 to 20 stamens in a single series, and a mere rudiment of pistil; the $ flowers 



