408 llHAMNACE^E. Rhamnus. 



Gaz. xxi. 235. — Established in swamps at New Durham and Secaucus, N. J., and on Long 

 Island, N. Y. (lutrod. from Eu.) 



R. Purshiana, DC. Small or medium-sized tree with somewhat yellow-pubescent often 

 greenish gray (or reddish?) twigs : leaves broadly elliptical, rounded or slightly cordate at 

 base, very obtuse to abruptly blunt-pointed, slightly if at all revolute, often undulate, irregu- 

 larly and closely spreading-serrulate or denticulate, coarsely pinnately veined and mostly 

 with evident transverse veinlets (the midrib broail and usually pale as seen from the upper 

 surface), usually persistently short-villous beneath and on the veins above, 2 to 6 inches long, 

 rather thin, deciduous ; the short petioles downy : peduncles 4 to 15 lines long, at least the 

 upper longer than tlie petioles ; pedicels 2 or 3 lines long : flowers 5-merous : carpels 3. — 

 Prodr. ii. 25; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 123, t. 43; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 262 ; Brew. & Wats. 

 Bot. Calif, i. 101 ; Trelease, 1. c. 366; Sargent, Gard. & For. iv. 75, & Silv. ii. 37, t. 63, in 

 part; Rusby, Druggists' Bull, iv, 334, f. 1, 8. Cardiolepis obtiisa, Raf. Sylv. Tellur. 28. 

 Franguln Purshiana, Coop. Smithson. Rep. 1858, 259. — Northern Idaho to Brit. Columbia, 

 Washington, Oregon, and, in less characteristic form, the Sierras of Northern California. 

 A form from Placer County, California, Carpenter, with obovoid cuneate leaves 3 to 5 inches 

 long, is R. anono' folia, Greene, Pittonia, iii. 16. A form approaching the next, with elliptical 

 obtuse coriaceous leaves about 2 inches long, with midrib exposed above and the inflores- 

 cence reaching to the middle of the blade, is R. occidentalis, Howell, Pacif. Coast PI. 1887; 

 Greene, Pittonia, ii. 15; Rusby, 1. c. 335, f. 6, 7 ; R. Californica, K. Brandegee, Zoe, i. 241, 

 from Waldo County, Oregon, Howell. 



R. Californica, Eschs. Tall shrub or exceptionally arborescent, with somewhat tomentose 

 green to purple twigs : leaves elliptical, mostly rounded at base, obtuse to subacute, mostly 

 a little revolute, entire, serrulate, or denticulate, prominently pinnately veined (the midrib a 

 mere sunken often granular impressed line as seen from above), glabrate or short-tomentose 

 on the veins beneath, often somewhat glossy below, 1 to 3 or rarely 4 or 5 inches long, ever- 

 green in the warmer districts and then often reticulated ; the short petioles tomentulose : 

 peduncles 2 to 8 lines long, not commonly much exceeding the petioles ; pedicels 1 to 3 lines 

 long, both glabrous or puberulent : flowers 4-5-merous : fruit subglobose ; the cocci mostly 

 2, large and usually not attenuated at base. — Mem. Acad. St. Pe'tersb. ser. 6, x. 285 ; Torr. & 

 Gray, Fl. i. 263 ; Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 101 ; Trelease, 1. c. 366 ; M. K. Curran, Proc. 

 Calif. Acad. Sci. ser. 2, i. 252 ; K. Brandegee, Zoe, i. 240 ; Rusby, 1. c. 335, f. 2, 3, 9. R. olci- 

 fulius, Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 123, t. 44 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 260; Rev. Hort. 1874,354, f. 47. 

 R. laurifolius, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 260. R. leucodermis, Nutt. 1. c. 261. R. Piirslu- 

 ana, Sargent, Silv. ii. 37, t. 62, in part. £'nJoZroyu"s o/e//oZ/a, Raf. Sylv. Tellur. 31. Perfonon 

 laurifolium, Raf. 1. c. 29. Frangida Californica, Gray, Gen. 111. ii. 178. — Throughout Cali- 

 fornia. A form with large elliptical leaves sometimes over 5 inches long, from Mendocino, 

 Bolander, and Pasadena, Brandegee, approaches the preceding. 



Var. betulsefolia, Trelease, n. comb. A form approaching the preceding species, 

 with thin elliptical minutely serrulate obtuse or bluntly acuminate leaves about 4 inches 

 long. — A'. betuUefolia, Greene, Pittonia, iii. 16. — Guadalupe Mountains, Texas, i/ai;arrf, and 

 Mogollon Mountains, New Mexico, Rush//. 



Var. rubra, Trelease, 1. c. 367. A scarcely separable form with slender glabrous red 

 twigs, oblong-lanceolate or very narrowly obovate tiiin deciduous nearly glabrate leaves 

 scarcely 2 inches long, with the midrib often more visible above, and mostly obovoid fruit 

 witii the cocci attenuate below. — /?. rubra, Greene, Pittonia, i. 68, 160. R. Purshiana, 

 Sargent, Silv. ii. t. 63, f. 3. — Eastern slope of the Sierras (Truckce and the Upper 

 Sacramento). 



Var. tomentella, Brew. & Wats. With tomentose reddish twigs, revolute mostly 

 entire evergreen leaves persistently yellow-tomentose below, and peduncles commonly exceed- 

 ing the petioles. — Bot. Calif, i. 101 ; Trelease, 1. c. 367. R. tomentella, Benth. PL Hartw. 

 303 ; Rusby, Druggists' Bull. iv. 335, f. 4, 5 ; K. Brandegee, Zoe, i. 244. R. Purshiana, var. 

 tomentella, Sargent, Silv. ii. 39, t. 63, f. 2. — Extends from Southern California to Arizona 

 and New Mexico, and is connected with the type of the species liy occasional specimens 

 from more northern parts of its range, Brownsville, Hill, Sta. Cruz Mountains and Alta, 

 Brandegee. 



