416 RHAMNACE^. Ceanothus. 



three fourths as wide, revolutely dentate, microscopically gray-tomentiTlose beneath : other- 

 wise scarcely separable from the type. — California, apparently confined to the vicinity of 

 Monterey. 



* * Leaves opposite and pungently toothed in many species ; stipule-bases persistent, thick 

 and corky or spongy : fruit frequently with strong horns as well as crests : flowers in 

 compact umbels, usually little surpassing the leaves. — Cerastes. 



■i— Leaves alternate (exceptionally a few in pairs in the first) : flowers white : capsules glo- 

 bose or depressed. 



C. macrocarpUS, Nutt. Rather large shrub, with reddish or gray at first appressed- 

 pubesoent rather loose and flexuous twigs : leaves spatulate or obovate, cuneate, obtuse to 

 emarginate, glabrous and dull above, microscopically canescent beneath, 6 to 9 lines long 

 or exceptionally somewhat larger, short-petioled, the slightly revolute margin entire or 

 exceptionally a little denticulate : capsules 4 to 6 lines in diameter, laterally horned, the 

 apical crests very low, scarcely lobed. — Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 267 ; Greene, Bull. 

 Calif. Acad. Sci. i. 80 ; Trelease, 1. c. 114. C. megacarpus, Nutt. Sylv. ii. 46 ; Parry, 1. c. 174. 

 C. cuneatus, Wats. 1. c. 338, in part. C. cuneatus, var. macrocarpus, K. Brandegee, 1. c, 205. 

 — California, about Sta. Barbara and Monterey and on the islands of Sta. Cruz, Greene, 

 with nearly hornless fruit, and Sta. Catalina, Brandegee, with variable phyllotaxis. 



C. verrucosus, Nutt. Rather low shrub, with gray or brown glabrate to loosely dingy- 

 tomentose slender twigs : leaves round-obovate, cuneate or rounded at base, obtuse to mostly 

 deeply obcordate, usuallj' denticulate along the sides, nearly glabrous, 2 to 6 lines long, very 

 short-petioled ; stipules horizontal, at length very large and wart-like : capsules about 3 

 lines in diameter, neither crested nor horned, scarcely lobed. — Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 

 267; Greene, 1. c. 81; Trelease, 1. c. 114, 117; Parry, 1. c. 174; K. Brandegee, 1. c. 206. 

 C. rigidus, Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound, t. 9. — California, Sta. Barbara, Nuttall in herb. Gray, 

 and San Uiego Counties, apparently not recently collected north of San Diego Co. (Lower 

 Calif.) 



-i— -)— Leaves opposite. 



++ Flowers white : erect or spreading rigidly branched shrubs, with entire or nearly entire 

 leaves except in the last two species and in hybrids. 



C. cuneatus, Nutt. At length a tall rigidly much branched shrub, with usually gray 

 minutely tomentulose twigs : leaves spatulate to obovate-cuneate, mostly obtuse, entire, 

 microscopically tonientulose beneath, 3 to 10 lines long, extremely short-stalked : capsules 

 slightly oblong, 2^ lines in diameter, with three conspicuous erect horns near the top. — Nutt. 

 in Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 267 ; Jour. Ilort. Soc. Lond. vi. 2^0, fig. ; Morren, Belg. Hort. viii. 

 170, t. 44; Wats. Bibl. Index, 164, in part; Trelease, 1. c. 1 1 3 ; Parry, 1. c. 1 74 ; K. Bran- 

 degee, 1. c. 204. — Oregon, Nuttall, Howell, through California. (Lower Calif., Pringie.) 

 Leaves occur rarely as much as 1 inch wide, and on suckers they sometimes show a few 

 teeth. Appears to hybridize with C. crassifolius (? = C. vestitus, Greene, Pittonia, ii. 101), 

 C. prostratus (when nearer C. cuneatus, = C. connivens, Greene, Pittonia, ii. 16, when nearer 

 C. prostratus,^ C. pumilus, Greene, Erythea, i. 149), C. rigidus (= C. cuneatus, var. raniu- 

 losus, Greene, Man. Bay-Reg. 77), and C. pineiorum. 



C. Greggii, Gkay. Low intricately and rigidly much branched shrub : twigs with olive, 

 gray, or occasionally brown, at first closely gray- or rusty- tomentose : leaves elliptical, mostly 

 acute at both ends, often with one or two small teeth on each side, 3 to 5 lines long, very 

 short-petioled ; the lower surface sometimes concealed by tomentum : capsules slightly 

 oblong, 2 lines in diameter, small-horned from about the middle. — PI. Wright, ii. 28 ; Wats. 

 Proc. Am. Acad. x. 338; Trelease, 1. c. 113 ; Parry, 1. c. 174. C. verrucosus, var. Greggii, 

 K. Brandegee, 1. c. 208. — S. Utah, Palmer, Bishop, to W. Texas, Wright, Thurber, Ilavard. 

 (Mex., where it passes into a form with more spatulate larger leaves very white-tomeutose 

 beneath.) 



C. crassifolius, Torr. Tall shrub, with gray or brown white- or rusty-tomentose twigs: 

 leaves thick, elliptic-obovate, cuneate or rounded at base, obtuse, somewhat revolute, pun- 

 gently dentate, half inch to somewhat over an inch long ; the upper surface minutely rough- 

 ened, at length glabrous and green, the lower surface densely tomentose ; the stout petioles 



