Ctanotlius. RHAMNACE^. 417 



2 lines long ; stipules very large : capsules subglobose, 4 lines in diameter, with thick exo- 

 carp and three stout suberect horns near the top. — Pacif. R. Kep. iv. 75, & Bot. Mex. 

 Bound. 46, t. 11 ; Wats. 1. c. 338 ; Trelease, 1. c. 113 ; Parry, 1. c. 173. C. verrucosus, var. 

 cntssi/olius, K. Brandegee, 1. c. 208. — California, in the Middle and Southern Coast Range. 



C. perplexans, Trelease, n. sp. Related to the preceding ; the gray or red twigs closely 

 tomentose, becoming glabrous and glossy : leaves veiy thick, subelliptical, mostly acute, not 

 revolute, entire or mostly pungently low-toothed, from minutely gray-velvety on both sides 

 becoming nearly glabrous, 6 to 12 lines long, the upper surface frequently concave ; the 

 stout petioles 2 lines long : capsules globose, about 3 lines in diameter, with thin smooth 

 flesh, the three small dorsal horns spreading. — S. W. California ; Arizona, Yampai Valley, 

 Bigelow. (Lower Calif, and Guadalupe Isl.) 



++ -H- Flowers blue or purple, only exceptionally white : leaves toothed, at least near the 

 apex. 



C. rigidus, Nutt. Medium-sized rigidly intricate shrub, with green or brownish at first 

 loosely tomentose 2-liued twigs : leaves firm but rather thin, obovate, cuneate, obtuse to 

 obcordate, 2 to 6 lines long, nearly sessile, the upper half finely dentate, soon nearly glabrous 

 on both sides, the lower surface little paler : capsules nearly as in C cuneatus but a little 

 larger. — Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 268 ; Jour. Hort. Soc. Lond. v. 197, fig. ; Hook. Bot. 

 Mag. t. 4664; Paxt. Fl. Card. i. 74, f. 51, & Baines ed. i. 70, f. 49; Morren, Belg. Hort. 

 iii. 102, t. 16, f. 3-5 ; Wats. 1. c. 339, in part ; Trelease, 1. c. 113 ; Parry, 1. c. 173. C. verru- 

 cosus, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4660. C. i-errucosus, var. rigidus, K. Brandegee, 1. c. 207. — Cali- 

 fornia, from above San Francisco to Monterey. In shape and size of leaves very similar 

 to C. I-errucosus. 



Var. grandifolius, Torr. Leaves from thick to quite thin, at length glabrate on 

 both sides becoming an inch or more long capsules globose, about 3 lines in diameter, with 

 three stout somewhat dorsal horns. — Pacif. R. Rep. iv. 75 ; Trelease, 1. c. 113. C. cras- 

 sifolius, var. ghibratus, Gray in Bolander, Cat. 8. C. verrucosus, var. grandifoUus, K. Bran- 

 degee, 1. c. 207. — California, Mendocino Co., Bolander, no. 4713, Brandegee, no. 82, 

 Bigelow. 



C. pinetorum, Coville. Low but erect densely branched shrub : twigs graj', brown, or 

 reddish, stout, divaricate, at first appressed-puberulent : leaves elliptical, very thick, abru])t 

 at both ends, often folded along the midrib or crisped, soon glabrescent except between the 

 veins beneath, 6 to 8 lines long, very short-petioled, the margin somewhat revolute, coarsely 

 pungently dentate, like holly leaves: flowers often white: capsules oblong, 3 to 4 lines in 

 diameter, with strong suberect horns near the apex and low intermediate crests. — Contrib. 

 U. S. Nat. Herb. iv. 80. C. prostratus, var. pinetorum, K. Brandegee, 1. c. 211. C. Jepsonii, 

 Greene, Man. Bay-Reg. 78. — California, from Lake Co. to Mt. Tamalpais and Tulare Co. 

 (the original locality). 



C. prostratus, Benth. Procumbent and rooting, with somewhat compressed frequently 

 bright red at first often appressed-hairy twigs : leaves thick and firm, obovate or spatulate, 

 cuneate, flat or sometimes revolute, pungently several-toothed above, one to three of the 

 teeth mostly apical, at first often minutely silky, about half inch long, short-petioled : 

 flowers blue : capsules slightly elongated, 3 or 4 lines in diameter, with thick often red 

 flesh, three large wrinkled horns somewhat spreading from near the ajjex, and hnv inter- 

 mediate crests. — PI. Ilartw. 302; Wats. 1. c. 339, in part^^ Trelease, 1. c. 113, 116, in 

 part ; Parry, 1. c. 173 ; .K. Brandegee, 1. c. 209. — Klikitat Co., Washington ; Humboldt Co. 

 and the Sierra region of California, and W. Nevada, Carson, Anderson, Washoe Mts., 

 Watson. C. rugosus, Greene, Fl. Francis. 88, from near Truckee, Calif., has been held 

 to be a hybrid of which this species or C. cuneatus is one parent, and C. velutinus the 

 other. 



Var. divergens, K. Brandegee. Low spreading or scrambling shrub, with at first 

 tom('nti^)se slender hut rigid twigs: leaves obovate-spatulatc, very thick, cuneate, somewhat 

 revolute and crisped, pungently dentate, more or less ])ersist('ntly loosely white-hairy, about 

 half inch long, nearly sessile : cajisnles rounder than in the type, about 3 lines in diameter, 

 with smaller more lateral horns. — Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. ser. 2, iv. 210. C. divergens. 

 Parry, 1. c. 173. — California, Napa to Santa Cruz Counties. 



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