SAPINDACE^. 433 



lobed, rarely rudimentary or wanting. Styles 2, elongated, filiform, introrsely stigmatose. 

 Nutlets 1-2-seeded, each surmounted by a mostly oblong-oblique obtuse veiny morphologi- 

 cally ascending or widely spreading dorsal wing, which is thickened and nerved on the 

 outer margin ; seeds horizontal or ascending, laterally compressed ; embryo variously 

 oriented, with thin elongated spirally coiled or irregularly folded cotyledons. 



Suborder III. DODON/E^E. Fruit (in ours) a septicidal 3(2-4)-wiiiged capsule ; 

 seeds exalbumiuous. Flowers regular, appearing polygamous, but by abortion 

 dioecious. Petals, when present, of the same number as the calyx-lobes. Disk 

 (in ovirs) obsolete. Erect shrubs ; the American with simple alternate oblong or 

 narrower leaves. 



3. DODON^A. Flowers small. Petals 0. Calyx 3-.5-lobed. Stamens 5 to 8 or rarely 

 more numerous ; filaments short ; anthers innate. Carpels 3 or 4 ; styles united to or nearly 

 to the apex ; ovary sharply angled, 3-4-celled ; cells 2-ovuled ; placentaj on the axis ; the 

 upper ovule of each pair ascending, the lower pendulous. 



Suborder IV. SAPINDE^E. Flowers irregular or (in Sapindus) sub-regular, ap- 

 pearing polygamous, but not truly perfect. Sepals or calyx-lobes 4 or 5. Petals 

 often of unequal number, the posterior one commonly reduced or absent. Disk 

 present, variously developed. Fruit capsular, or more or less deeply divided into 

 samaroid or rarely baccate carpellary lobes. Seeds exalbumiuous. Leaves alter- 

 nate, pinnately or ternately compound. 



* Fruit a 3-celled septicidal or septifragal capsule of mostly 3 samaroid carpels more or less 

 coherent about the axis : flowers irregular : shrubby climbers. 



4. URVILLEA. Sepals 5. Capsule papery, 3-angled and 3-winged, septicidal or septi- 

 fragal; wings thin, of nearly equal breadth from the base to the summit. Leaves teruate. 

 Otherwise as in the next. 



5. SERJ ANI A. Flowers zygomorphous. Sepals 5 (or 4). Petals 4, appendaged. Stamens 8. 

 Disk present, somewhat irregular, bearing 2 larger upper and 2 smaller lower glands. Fruit 

 with 3 turgid at length separable seminiferous often reticulated or tomentulose lobes at the 

 summit, each extended downward along the axis into a semi-ovate or very rarely semi- 

 obovate or -oblanceolate wing. Inflorescences axillary and terminal, pedunculate and sub- 

 tended by 2 or 3 recurved and coiling tendrils. Leaves mostly biternate. 



* * Fruit a bladdery inflated loculicidal capsule : tendriliferous herbaceous climber with 

 biternate leaves. Ovules solitary in the cells. 



6. CARDIOSPERMUM. Flowers zygomorphous. Sepals 5 or more commonly, by the 

 union of 2 of them, reduced to 4, these broad and very obtuse, in two unequal pairs. Petals 

 4, alternating with the sepals, imbricated in the bud, each bearing from near the base an 

 irregular somewhat unguiculate winglike or hooked appendage ; the appendages of the 

 upper petals being larger. Disk extra-stamineal, bearing opposite each of the upper petals 

 a short and rounded or loug-cornute gland. Stamens 8, deflexed. Seeds exarillate, black 

 with light-colored scar. 



* * * Fruit of 1 to (rarely) 3 indehiscent baccate wingless rounded carpellary segments : 

 flowers regular or nearly so (sepals often somewhat unequal) : our species trees or erect 



shrubs. 



•i— Ovules solitary in the cells. 



7. SAPINDUS. Sepals 5, obtuse, rarely petaloid. Petals usually of the same number, 

 more or less pubescent, and bearing just above the short claw a villous or ciliated comb or 

 appendage. Disk annular, commonly creuate, bearing the 8 (to 10) stamens. Seeds ex- 

 arillate, with bony testa, black or nearly so. 



4_ 4_ Ovules 2 in each cell, but fruit by abortion 1-celled, 1-seeded. 



8. EXOTHEA. Calyx deeply 5-parted, tomentulose; segments rounded, imbricated, at 

 length reflexed. Petals 5, unappendaged, slightly unguiculate. Ovary 2-celled ; ovules a 

 pair in each cell, collateral, somewhat pendulous. Fruit 1-celled, 1-seeded ; embryo with 

 very tliick cotyledons and short radicle. 



28 



