Acer. SAPINDACEiE. 439 



bratc, highly variable (mostly IJ to 1| inches long, with wings usually subparallel or only 

 moderately spreading), not as yet furnishing trustworthy diagnostic characters. — Arb. 4 ; 

 Britton, Cat. PI. N. J. 78 ; Trelease, 1. c. 93, t. 4. A. saccharinum, Wang. Nordam. Holzart. 

 26, t. 11, f. 26; Nouv. Duham. iv. 29, t. 8 ; Michx. f. Hist. Arb. Am. ii. 218, t. 15; Torr. & 

 Gray, Fl. i. 248 ; Gray, Gen. 111. ii. 200, t. 174 ; Emerson, Trees & Shrubs Mass. ed. 2, ii. 558, 

 with plate; Gray, Man. ed. 1-6; not L. A. barbatuni, Michx. Fl. ii. 252, only in part (see 

 Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 684) ; Sargent, Gard. & For. ii. 364, & Silv. ii. 97, t. 90. A. saccharo- 

 phoruvi, Koch, Dendr. i. 533. A. saccharinum, var. pseudo-platinoides, Pax in Engl. Jahrb. 

 vii.242. A.palmifolium, var. pseudoplatanoides, Schwerin, Gartenfl. xlii. 455, but probably 

 not A. palmifolium, Borkh. — A well known and valuable forest tree, ranging from New- 

 foundland to the Lake of the Woods (ace. to Sargent), Nebraska, E. Texas, "and the uplands 

 of the S. Atlantic States, but at the South largely replaced by the nearly related species 

 (or varieties) described below. The firm durable wood is much used in manufactures, the 

 irregular grained varieties, "Curly and Bird's-eye Maples," being especially prized for 

 cabinet work. This species also furnishes the largest amount of maple sugar and syrup. 

 In New England and along the Great Lakes the foliage in autumn turns intense scarlet to 

 deep crimson, while in the middle West the color varies from yellow to bright orange or 

 claret which soon fades to brown. From Maine (Fernald) to Tennessee, Missouri, and 

 Michigan occurs a sometimes well marked but not always separable form, the var. barbA- 

 TUM, Trelease (1. c. 94, t. 6 ; A. Rugelii, Pax in Engl. Jahrb. vii. 243 ; A. saccharinum, subsp. 

 Rugelii, Wesmael, I. c. 61 ; but probably no part of A. barbatum, Michx.), with mostly 

 3-lobed leaves (also pale beneath) of firm or at length chartaceo-coriaceous texture, and 

 with lobes subentire. However, as Professor Beal has pointed out, such leaves sometimes 

 occur upon the upper branches of trees which below have foliage of the typical form. 

 Better marked is 



Var. nigrum, Britton. (Black Maple.) Bark darker colored : leaves mostly 

 large and limp, 3-5-lobed ; lobes entire or nearly so ; the basal sinus inclining to be closed 

 by the approximate or even imbricated basal lobes ; lower surface yellowish green, soft- 

 downy, not glaucous, and scarcely paler than the upper : wings of the fruit variable, yet in- 

 clining to be more widely divergent. — Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci. ix. 10. Trelease, 1. c. 96, 

 t. 7. A. saccharinum, Michx. Fl. ii. 252 (ace. to Gray), not L., nor Wang. A. nigrum, 

 Michx. f. Hist. Arb. Am. ii. 238, t. 16; Bailey, Pop. Gard. iii. 24, & Bot. Gaz. xiii. 214. 

 A. saccharinum, var. nigrum, Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 248 ; Gray, Man. ed. 1-6. A. barbatum, 

 var. nigrum, Sargent, Gard. & For. iv. 148, f. 27, & Silv. ii. 99, in part, but syn. A. Ruqelii 

 wrongly included and foliage on t. 91, if of this var., highly uncharacteristic, as will be 

 seen on comparison with orig. plate of Michx. f. A. palmifolium, var. concolor, Schwerin, 1. c. 

 457, f. 95, nos. 6, 7. — Montreal, Jack, and Vermont, Bobbins, Pringle, to Minnesota, Arkan- 

 sas, Kentucky, S. Virginia, and probably somewhat farther southward in the mountains ; 

 common and also valued as a lumber and sugar tree ; in some places appearing very dis- 

 tinct from the type, in others passing into dubious intermediates. Conspicuous but incon- 

 stant foliaceous stipules are sometimes developed, especially westward. 



■*-- -ir- Southern, mostly smaller sized : bark white. 



A. Floridanum, Pax. A small tree (ace. to Chapman) or sometimes becoming 3 feet in 

 diameter (ace. to Small), with " chalky-white " bark : leaves rather small, 2 or 3 inches in 

 diameter, somewhat broader than long, divided about to the middle into 3 to 5 obtuse lobes 

 with few and blunt teeth ; base truncate or shallowly open-cordate ; upper surface dark green- 

 glabrous, and lucid ; the lower more or less whitened and varying from puberulent to densely 

 canescent-tomentose : flowers (ace. to Chapman) appearing before the leaves : keys variable 

 but in most individuals much smaller than in A. saccharum ; the seminiferous portion cov- 

 ered with sparse at length deciduous setous pubescence ; wings mostly widely spreading. — 

 Pax in Engl. Jahrb. vii. 243 ; Schwerin, 1. c. 457 ; Trelease, 1. c. 98, t. 8 ; Small, Bull. Torr. 

 Club, xxiv. 64. A. saccharinum, var. Floridanum, Chapm. Fl. 81. A. barbatum, var. Flori- 

 danum, Sargent, Gard. & For. iv. 148, & Silv. ii. 100, t. 9L A. saccharum, var. Floridanum, 

 Small & Heller, Mem. Torr. Clul), iii. 24 ; Sudworth, Rep. U. S. Dep. Agric. 1892, 325. — 

 Swamps and river banks. North Carolina to Florida, E. Texas, Sargent, and (ace. to Trelease) 

 Arkansas. Very characteristic in its more typical form, yet near A. grandidentatum on the 

 one h.and and northward inclining to pass into A. saccharum, var. barbatum, Trelease. 



