Pohjgala. POLYGALACE^. 449 



monly known as wings (or «/«), larger and petaloid. Petals 5 and alternate with 

 the sepals, or more commonly reduced to 3 (au odd anterior one and a dorsal 

 pair) ; the lower petal, or keel (carina) concave, often crested or beaked, more or 

 less connate with the others or at least adnate to the lower portion of the stami- 

 neal column. Stamens commonly 8 (the anterior and posterior members of the 

 theoretical 1 0-stamened 2-whorled androecium being suppressed) ; filaments rarely 

 free, more commonly connate into a dorsally cleft tube ; anthers erect, innate, 

 usually 2-celled at first but becoming unicellular by the resorption of the partition 

 wall. Carpels 2, rarely 1, or in a foreign genus 5 ; ovary 2 (rarely l)-celled; 

 ovules (with rare exceptions) solitary in the cells, anatropous, pendulous. Seeds 

 albuminous or exalbuminous, commonly provided with a more or less conspicuous 

 caruncle at the hilum ; embryo straight. — A widely distributed order of which 

 more than half of the species belong to the typical genus Polygala. 



Kkameria, Loefl. It. 195, which has often been associated with this order should be posi- 

 tively excluded from it upon the grounds admirably stated by Gray, Gen. 111. ii. 227. There 

 appears to be no good reason why the genus should not be placed in the Leguminosm Cassiece, 

 as by Taubert in Engl. & PrantI, Nat. Pflanzenf. iii. Ab. 3, 85. 



1. POLYGALA. Calyx free; sepals very dissimilar, the lateral (inner) pair larger, peta- 

 loid. Petals rarely 5, commonly (through the suppression of one pair) 3, united below into 

 a dorsally cleft tube ; the anterior petal strongly carinate, often crested or beaked. Stamens 

 8 ; filaments more or less completely united into a dorsally cleft tube adnate at the ba.se to 

 the gamopetalous corolla. Style usually bent and stigma variously and unequally 2(-4)- 

 lobed, often tufted or cucullate-appendaged. Fruit a compressed 2-celled wing-margined 

 or wingless capsule ; seeds solitary in the cells, pendulous, commonly hairy and in most of 

 ours conspicuously caruuculate. 



2. MONNINA. Calyx as in Poli/gala. Petals 3, nearly or quite free ; the lower one cari- 

 nate, more or less inclosing the upper connivent pair ; these adnate at the base to the 

 stamineal tube. Fruit indehiscent, 1-2-celIed, winged or wingless. 



1. POLl^GALiA, Tourn. Milkvtort. (IIoXtj?, much, ydXa, milk; 

 UoXvyaXov, a name used by Dioscorides for some low shrub, reputed a stimulant 

 to lactation.) — Inst. 174, t. 79 ; L. Gen. no. 5G7 ; Gray, Gen. 111. ii. 221, t. 

 183, 184; Benth. & Hook. Gen. i. 136; Bennett, Jour. Bot. xvii. 137 et seq. ; 

 Wheelock, Mem. Torr. Club, ii. 109; Chodat, Monogr. Polyg. (Mem. Soc. 

 Phys. Hist. Nat. Genev. xxxi. pt. 2, no. 2), & in Engl. & PrantI, Nat. Pflan- 

 zenf. iii. Ab. 4, 330. — Extensive but natural genus of more than 400 species, 

 chiefly of warm regions and about half of them American. The subdivision of 

 the genus, as here given, is essentially that of Chodat's detailed monograph. 



P. NuTKANA, Moc. in DC. Prodr. i. 330, & A. DC. Caiques des Dess. t. 39, with ovate acu- 

 minate leaves, orbicular wings, and emarginato capsules, differs widely from any sjjecies known 

 to grow upon our Western Coast. There can be little doubt that Dr. Watson was ([uite 

 right in regarding it a Mexican plant near P. Avtericana while its confident identification with 

 P. cucullata, Benth. by Chodat is not supported by a single character. 



§ 1. HEBEciRPA, Chodat. Low undershrubs with alternate leaves, caducous 

 sepals, ecristute beaklcss keel, and ciliated, pubescent, or tomeutulose capsule. — 

 Monogr. Polyg. 9. — Well marked group including 3 W.Indian small-ilowered 

 thick-leaved species {Badiera, DC. Prodr. i. 334), several Mexican and S. 

 American species, and the following of our southwestern borders. 



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