HOW TO MAKE VIVARIA. 21 
Fig. 12 represents a Chameleon case for winter use. The 
lower part is provided with a boiler which is surrounded by thick 
layers of sawdust to prevent unnecessary loss of heat (see Fig. 8), 
and the bottom of the wooden case, which contains the boiler, is 
also thickly covered with sawdust or several folds of paper. The 
boiler itself need not be larger than a 3lb. coffee canister, and is 
provided with a small outer boiler and a filling pipe, which latter 
extends for an inch or two beyond the side which is remote from 
the lamp (see Fig. 7). -The exposed end of the filling pipe ought 
to be covered with a felt coat to prevent loss of heat. The 
bottom of the upper part of this Vivarium is covered with finely- 
perforated zinc, through which the heat ascends from the boiler. 
The top of the case is made of wood, and should fit so nicely 
that a small fly cannot escape between it and the sides of the 
Vivarium. There are some round holes in the lid which are also 
covered with perforated zinc and are provided with lids of wood 
or zine so that the heat within can be regulated. One hole, 
though supplied with a lid, has no perforated zinc. This is used 
for the admission of food to the Chameleon. Im such as case as 
this I have kept, without any difficulty, a Chameleon in perfect 
health and appetite throughout a cold autumn, winter, and early 
spring, by far the most trying portion of the year for such 
Reptiles, which, as a rule, succumb to our English winters. Of 
course, except during summer, the little lamp must be kept 
lighted day and night. A Vivarium for a Chameleon ought not 
to be less than 14in. long, 12in. wide, and about the same 
high. 
Fig. 13 is an arrangement for Newts during their breeding 
season. In the glass tank they may easily be seen laying and 
depositing their eggs; and they can, when they like, leave the 
water and retire into seclusion. The Aquarium, which is an 
inverted propagating-glass, stands on a square board raised a 
little above the table upon which it is placed. In the centre of 
the board there is a round hole, big enough to receive the knob of 
the glass. Another square board, rather smaller and thinner 
than the lower one, is prepared with a hole sufficiently large to 
receive exactly the top of the glass when inverted (see ilustra- 
tion). There must be no space between the glass and the edges 
