SALAMANDERS. 365 
The Spanish Salamander (Chioglossa lusitanica) is the only 
representative of its genus which is distinguished from the genus 
Salamandra, according to M. Boulenger, by a large oval tongue, 
“supported by a protractile median pedicle,’’ and is consequently 
free everywhere ‘‘ except on the anterior half of the median line.” 
The members of this genus possess a tail which is cylindrical at 
its base and compressed at its end. 
The Spanish Salamander is a rarer animal than either S. 
maculosa or S. atra, but when obtained it may be kept in the 
same Vivarium as the three members of the genus Salamandra. 
C. lusitanica, which isa native of the north-western parts of 
Spain and Portugal, has a depressed head, longer than broad, its 
greatest width being just behind the eyes, which are large and 
prominent ; a slender body and weak limbs ; fingers and toes which 
are fairly long and free; a tail which is very long, sometimes 
twice as long as the head and body ; a skin which is smooth and 
shining ; a fold of skin across the throat, which extends from 
parotoid to parotoid ; like the other Salamanders, vertical grooves 
on the sides of the body, also vertical grooves on the sides of the 
tail. The colour of the animal above is dark brown, marked by 
two golden-reddish bands along each of the back and tail. The 
lower parts are of a lighter uniform brown. The Spanish 
Salamander, when fully grown, is about 6in. long from the snout 
to the end of the tail. 
The Spectacled Salamander (Salamandrina perspicillata) is a 
tiny Batrachian, and almost as active as a small lizard. It is the 
only representative of its genus, and a native of Italy. Its chief 
distinctive features are slenderness of form, a large tongue free 
behind, a strong bony fronto-squamosal arch to the skull, and 
four toes on each foot. In Italy this pretty little creature is 
commonly called the Tarantolina. It is found on all the Tuscan 
Appennines, and perhaps throughout the whole range. It also 
inhabits other mountains of Italy, and it is reported to have been 
taken on Mount Vesuvius. 
This lively little Salamander is generally active for the greater 
part of the year, and, like other Salamanders, prefers shade to 
sunshine. It feeds upon ants, spiders, and small worms. While 
in captivity, the Tarantolina should be confined in a Vivarium 
