12 LIFE-HISTORIES OF PTEROPHORIDAE 
“The pupa is about 7 mm. long and is attached to the undersurface of 
the mid-rib of a leaf of the focdplant. The appendage sheaths and anal 
portion are of a yellowish-green colour, the remainder of a very pale pinkish- 
red.. The dorsal surface bears a system of highly specialized tubercles, the 
nature of which will be best undertstocd by a reference to the figure (Plate F, 
figure 11)’’(°). 
The moth is shown in Plate II, figure 3. It measures 6-8 mm. and 
has a wing expanse of 13-15mm. The wings are held out at right angles to 
the body when at rest. The moths are to some extent diurnal and fly by 
day ; coupling takes place by day or night and lasts about 12 hears. 
Duration of life-cycle. The winter life-cycle is longer than that of the 
hot weather or rains; it occupies nearly two months : 
Egg .. 6 days, 
Warviat noo seas 
Pinas... 
TOTAL ., “SHS. 25; 

In February-March, it is : 
Egg 6 days 
Larva .. 20-21 ,, 
Pipa 5-1 po : 
TOTAL .. ~°30-86 5, 
In September, it is : 
Hee .. 2 days 
Larva .. 17-20 ,, 
Bupa; .. 158 2 
TOran .: = 24-27 5, ' 
Occurrence. This insect may be found in active life throughout the year ; 
there appears to be no definite stage in which it rests or hibernates, and the 
broods succeed one another irregularly from month to month. In the cold 
weather, as in the hot weather and rains, the larve are found on the different 
foodplants ; these include the pigeon-pea (Cajanus indicus), kultht (Dolichos 
lablab), the kaddu or bottle-gourd (Lagenaria vulgaris) ; the plant known as 
calabash is also stated to be the foodplant im West Africa. They are most 
noticeable on the flower-buds and pods of pigeon-pea in the early or late cold 
weather, since they are then associated with damage to this crop, caused also 
by Exelastis atomosa, Wism. It is uncertain how long the moth can live ; in 
