48 LIFE-HISTORIES OF EUCOSMIDA 
26 eggs on 7th, 34 on 8th, 29 on 9th, 13 on 10th, and died on 11th October, 
having laid 102 eggs in all. Of these 102 eggs, 31 were laid on the stem, 21 
on the grooves of petioles or peduncles of leaves, 26 on the upper and 24 on 
the lower surfaces of leaves. The egg-stage lasts about three days, the larva 
gnawing a hole at one end and bursting open the egg-shell longitudinally. 
The empty egg-shell is not eaten. 
The newly-hatched larva is about 1 mm. long, cylindrical, tapering slightly 
posteriorly, uniformly yellow, with five pairs of fully developed. prolegs ; 
head black, shiny, larger than following segments ; prothoracic shield small, 
shining dark brown. The larva changes but little in colour as it grows. 
The full-grown larva is about 10 mm. long, cylindrical, slightly tapering 
towards either extremity, yellowish, with a few scattered hairs on each seg- 
ment ; head smaller than prothorax, shiny yellow, somewhat compressed, 
mouthparts brown, with two small black spots laterally and a third near 
antenna, ovelli arranged in a crescent ; prothoracic shield shiny, brownish 
yellow ; legs yellow ; spiracles rounded, rimmed with brown. 
The Jarva on hatching usually comes to the tender top-leaves if it does 
not happen te have emerged there. When these leaves are still in a folded 
state, it burrows into one of them and feeds from within. Tf the leaves have 
already unfolded, it begins to gnaw a midrib and the adjacent tissue on the 
upper surface of a leaf and soon hides itself under a very thin transparent, 
gummy stuff, to which dust-like gnawed particles of the leaf remain attached 
and which stretches over the midrib and larva onto the two halves of the 
leaf ; it works upwards until the two halves of the leaf become folded together. 
During its whole life, the larva remains hidden, whether feeding on leaves, 
flowers, or pods. As it grows it brings together almost all the top-leaves of 
a shoot or of adjacent shoots and binds them together in a crumpled mass, 
within which it feeds and lives. These spun top-shoots are fairly conspicuous 
and their removal is indicated as a means of control. At Pusa hibernation 
takes place in the larval state, as full-grown larve, collected from the fields 
on 7th January, lived in spun-up leaves until 18th February, when the first 
pupated and emerged as a moth on 6th March. 
Pupation takes place in a thin, papery, whitish, silken cocoon which usually 
lines a hollow space within a crumpled inass of spun leaves. It may, however, 
be placed inside a flower-bud or within a few dried flower-petals rolled together 
or, when the larva has fed in a seed-pod, inside the pod, in which case a hole 
of exit is prepared for the moth, this hole being covered with silk and frass. 
Before emergence, the pupa wriggles out of the eccoon for about half its length. 
The pupal period is about four to six days. 
