150 LIFE-HISTORIES OF GRACILLARIAD& 
Bred at Pusa in April from larvee mining leaves of Blumea lacera('). 
Larvee were found at Pusa on 22nd April 1907 mining leaves of kukraunda * 
(Blumea lacera), four or five larvee sometimes found in a single mine. The 
larva was described as 3 mm. long, rather flattened anteriorly, tapering poste- 
riorly, yellowish-green, head flattened, yellow. Pupation occurred within the 
mine in a cocoon of very white silk. Pupa 3-5 mm. long, yellow, slender. 
Moths emerged between 28th April and 5th May. (A. Mujtaba’s Cage-slip 21.) 
ACROCERCOPS ASMULA, MEYR. 
Acrocercops emula, Meyr., Exot. Micr., I, 628 (1916)('). 
Bred at Pusa in February from larve mining leaves of Cynoglosswm 
(Boraginacea) (Fletcher)(!). We have it also from Virajpet (South Coorg) 
., and Abbottabad (larva mining Cynoglossum leaves). 
Larvee were found at Pusa on 6th February 1914 and 16th December 
1915, mining in leaves of kukraunda (Cynoglossum sp.). As many as four or 
five larvee may be present in a single leaf mining in the epidermal layers of 
the_upper surface and feeding on the chlorophyll, the tunnels being situated 
in the middle of the leaves and not necessarily on the edges only. The larval 
excrement is deposited in one place within the mine and not in a line, and 
the mine is not linear but long and broad, although irregular in shape. If the 
upper epidermis is removed the larva is able to spin another thin webbing 
over it. The larva is yellow and about 6 mm. long by 0°7 mm. broad ; the 
head is the most highly chitinized portion and is dark brown, mandibles black, 
antenne three-jointed, third joint rather pointed and longer than the other 
two together ; legs blackish ; three pairs of prolegs and anal claspers ; each 
segment with a single small lateral hair situated near the spiracle ; dorsal 
area smooth, without hairs ; nine spiracles, each slightly protruded above the 
body-surface and tinged with brown. 
When full-fed the larva pupates in a silken web spun below the part 
mined and immediately below the upper whitened epidermis. The moulted 
skin is attached to the anal end of the pupa within the flattish cocoon. The 
pupa is about 5 mm. long, yellowish-white, ventral surface flattened, dorsal 
surface smooth and cylindrical, head portion broadest and abruptly terminated 
in a point, each segment with very minute single dorsal hairs, segments distinct. 
From larve collected on 6th February 1914 the moths emerged between 16th 
and 20th February, and from mined leaves collected on 16th December 1915 
* Under A. @mula the name of kukraunda is given as Cynoglossum sp. In the case 
of some of these old records it is impossible to check these identifications, but 4, 
@mula has also been reared from Blumea balsamifera. 
