164 LIFE-HISTORIES OF GRACILLARIADZ 
At Pusa it has been reared from a pupa found on Polygonum [? accidental 
pupation-place] and from larve found on 14th August 1906 rolling leaves of 
Dalbergia sissu (Leguminose). Sometimes several leaves are joined together 
and these masses of leaves are found to be dry and rotten. The larva was 
described as 6 mm. long, flattened, very slightly tapering posteriorly, yellowish- 
green ; head pale, prothorax with many small black spots. Pupation takes 
place in a rolled leaf, the pupa being 5°5 mm. long, brown. The pupal period 
is about six days. (A. Mujtaba’s Cage-slip 8.) 
; 
GRACILLARIA ZACHRYSA, MEYR. (PLATE XLIV, FIG. 2.) v.49 
Gracilaria zachrysa, Meyr., B. J., XVI, 983 (1907)(), l.c., XVIII, 829 (1908)(?), 
Wytsm., Gen. Ins. fasc., 128, p. 29, tab., f. 4 (1912)(3) ; Meyr., Exot. Micr., 
II, 179 (1918)(4) ; [nec Busck, Insec. Inscit. Menstr., III, 42-43 (1915)= 
azaleella, Brants]. > Tian Cree. Earl (meting T. 163 | Noy. (920 | 
Originally described from Maskeliya in Ceylon(!). “‘ Recently bred in 
India from larvee making cones on leaves of apple (Pyrus malus) (Fletcher). 
Hence I was led to discover that azaleella, Brants (—azalew, Busck), bred 
from Azalea indica imported from Japan into Europe and North America, 
and probably a native of Japan, is really quite distinct from zachrysa, and 
I was mistaken in asserting the contrary (4). 
This species probably occurs throughout the apple-growing districts of 
Northern India, the larva feeding on young leaves of apple and being at times 
a considerable pest. We have it from Parachinar, Peshawar and Abbottabad 
and from Shillong, and I have seen attacked apple-leaves at Ramgarh 
(Kumaon). 
In its early stages the larva mines the leaf, but later on it leaves the 
mine and folds, or more rarely rolls, a young leaf. The attack is first noticeable 
as a rusty-yellow irregular blotch on the under side of a leaf. The enclosed 
larva is not visible on holding the leaf up to the light but on opening up the 
blotch it is found as a pale greenish-yellow or greenish-white larva with very 
strongly-defined segments, tapering anally. The larva mines on the lower 
surface of the leaf, often several in one leaf, sometimes as many as four or 
five. The gallery proceeds along and parallel with the interior (7.e., nearest 
to the midrib) side of a vein, apparently starting at the inner end and working 
outwards. When fresh, the mine is green and inconspicuous, slightly shiny 
like a snail-track ; it is filled with leaf-hairs and usually contains frass at the 
outer end. Later on, the larva bites a hole through the upper surface of the 
mine and leaves it. Apparently after the larva has left (? due to growth of 
the leaf) the mine usually forms a puckered fold in the leaf-surface, At one 
