T. BAINBRIGGE FLETCHER 165 
end of the mine the upper surface of the leaf turns rusty-yellow ; otherwise 
the mine is only. visible from above by the fold in the leaf. Sometimes, when 
near the edge of a leaf, the edge is folded over to form a sort of trough in 
which the mine lies ; it is not possible to say whether this is done deliberately 
by the larva or whether it is caused by the natural growth of the leaf. After 
leaving the mine, the larva ties up a young leaf longitudinally, the edges of 
the leaf being joined together over the upper surface on which the larva feeds 
in its bag-like shelter, nibbling patches out of the epidermis of the leaf, the 
attacked portions turning rust-coloured. The leaf-hairs are detached and 
piled im a mass which is often mingled with frass to form a long roll and this 
is characteristic of the attack even when the leaf contains no larva, which is 
apparently often eaten by spiders and birds. More rarely, the larva makes 
a shelter by turning over a portion of the edge of a leaf. The adult larva is 
unicolorous, pale green or yellowish-green, segments less distinct than in the 
younger (mining) stage and it does not taper anally so perceptibly. 
The larva leaves the leaf to pupate in an elongate-oval cocoon of white °* 
silk in which the pupa is dimly visible. In captivity the cocoon is spun in 
any convenient angle and under natural conditions it has been found on the 
lower surface of a leaf, where it was placed in a slight fold formed by drawing 
the leaf together to form a trough, the edges of the trough being kept in place 
by white cross-threads. 
GRACILLARIA THEIVORA, WLSM. 
Gracilaria theivora, Wism., Ind. Mus. Notes, II, 49 (1891)(') ; Watt and Mann, 
Tea Pests, pp. 228-232, ff. 23-25 (1903)(?); Meyr., B. J., XVIII, 829 
(1908)(2) ; Lefroy, Ind. Ins. Life, p. 538 (1909)(4): Murine Pre. EAC trent 1163 (Nov. 92 
Described from Pundaluoya in Ceylon('), where it has also been found 
at Madulsima(3) and Maskeliya(). Lefroy(*) states that it occurs in India 
also. Watt and Mann also record it from Assam, Darjiling and the Kangra 
Valley(?) and we have it from Lebong and Margherita. 
~The larva feeds upon tea (Camellia theifera). 
“ The egg is deposited near the midrib and on the under surface of the 
leaf. On hatching, the minute caterpillar is at first a leaf-miner. It eats 
along, in a somewhat tortuous course, towards the margin. It then escapes 
and then becomes a leaf-roller, and subsequently causes the margin of the 
leaf, for half an inch to an inch in length and perhaps less than one-eighth 
of an inch in breadth, to turn over itself. Within that enclosure it commences 
to eat the epidermis of the enclosed portion. Shortly after, however, it 
m‘grates to a fresh leaf and now commences its more vigorous action. The 
