166 IFE-HISTORIES OF GRACILLARIADA 
overturned margin dies, and gives to the leaf a withered, discoloured and 
torn appearance...... The insect im fact, during its larval existence, repeatedly 
changes its house and thus destroys a large number of leaves” ...... Larva 
minute, yellowish-white, about 13 mm. long, with prolegs only on third to 
fifth abdominal segments, with the anal claspers. The larva carefully sews 
“up the leaf as it rolls it round and when the conch-shell-like structure, thus 
formed, has been completely wound up and firmly bound together at both 
ends, the caterpillar proceeds to eat the leaf from the tip downwards. As 
it progresses, the excretory matter is carefully packed on one side, and parti. 
tioned off by a fold of the margin of the leaf brought down for that purpose. 
When the contained portions of the leaf have been devoured, the operation 
of winding up the leaf still further is renewed. Coil after coil is made, but 
usually not more than half the leaf is eaten. The insect then migrates and 
commences once more to roll a leaf around itself’. ‘‘ When mature, the 
caterpillar spins a small silken cocoon about one-quarter of an inch long and 
little more than one-sixteenth in breadth. This will be found within depres- 
sions of the leaf or under the lee of a midrib. It opens by a circular mouth 
to allow of the escape of the perfect insect ’’(?). [This last pomt would seem 
to require verification. | 
GRACILLARIA SOYELLA, DEV. 
Gracilaria soyella, van Deventer, Tijds. voor Ent., XLVI, 22-25, t. 2 fi allen 
(1904)(1). 
Gracilaria acrotherma, Meyr., B. J., XVIII, 830 (1908)(?). 
Gracilaria soyella, Fletcher, Entl. Note 88 (1916)(%); Proc. Second Entl. 
Meeting, p. 42 (1917)(4)3Yuran ae Fok thai 1165 (Nev. igzo) 
Originally described from Java(!), this species has also been recorded 
from Colombo(?) and Hakgala(?), in Ceylon. It is probably common through- 
out the Plains of India, as it occurs freely at Pusa(?) and Coimbatore() on 
Cajanus indicus(*) and has also been reared at Pusa from Phaseolus mungo. 
Larva in leaves of Soya hispida in Java(!), on Cajanus indicus and Atylosia 
candoller in Ceylon(?). It is said to mine the leaves of Cajanus imdicus in 
Ceylon(?), but this is probably an error, as in India the larva has been noted 
on this plant both at Pusa and Coimbatore and found to roll up the tip of 
the leaf, each end of the chamber so formed being fastened down with silk. 
The larva turns over the apex of the leaf, usually on to the under surface, and 
fastens it down with silk and doubles and redoubles the fold until it has made 
a shelter within which it lives and feeds on the epidermis of the leaf, the 
interior of the cone being filled with excrement, The larva is about 6 mm, 
