40 THE NECTURUS 



of entering the common cardinal, they now enter the 

 hepatic portal. By this new connection blood from the 

 posterior limb has two outlets, one through the abdominal 

 to the hepatic portal and a second through the postcava. 



VENOUS SYSTEM 



1. Blood returning from the head comes through the 

 external and internal jugulars to the common cardinal or 

 the ductus Cuvieri. 



2. Blood from the anterior limb comes through the 

 subclavian vein to the ductus Cuvieri. 



3. From the posterior end of the body, the blood comes 

 through the following vessels: — 



(a) Lateral veins 



(b) Posterior cardinals 



Connected with the renal portal system 

 Connected with the postcava by anastomosing vein 

 Connected with veins from the ovary and testes 



(c) Postcava (Hepatic sinus at anterior end) 



Two hepatic branches lead into it 



Blood from the kidney through the venae reheventes 



(d) Blood from the tail 



Through caudal veins to kidneys 

 Pelvic veins from the legs 



(e) Hepatic Portal System 



Blood from the anus and pelvis 



Splenic 



Gastric, two branches 



Mesenteric from the intestine 



In an injected specimen study the systems as found in 

 the body cavity. 



Drawing 16. Make a diagram of both the arterial and venous 

 systems by piecing together the parts as worked out. 



The systems may be studied so as to preserve most of 

 the parts, by taking it section at a time, whereas the com- 

 plete dissection of the system would destroy the rest of 

 the animal for other study. 



