42 THE NECTURUS 



Turn back the body wall and follow this vessel from the 

 pelvis to the point where it turns dorsally and enters the 

 liver, joining the hepatic portal. 



Renal Portal System 



Trace the renal portal system posteriorly along the kid- 

 neys determining the anterior and posterior ends of the 

 system. Posteriorly the caudal connects with the vessels, 

 and laterally the vein from the posterior limb. The renal 

 portals give off a series of venae advehentes which lead the 

 blood to the kidneys. 



Posterior Cardinals 



The renal portals are continued forward as the posterior 

 cardinals. They lie on each side of the dorsal aorta, close 

 to the dorsal midline of the body. They enter the ductus 

 Cuvieri or the common cardinal. Near the curve in the 

 postcava where it enters the liver, there is a small anasto- 

 mosing Y vein which connects the two cardinals and the 

 postcava. 



Lateral Vein 



This small vein may be seen by cutting into the lateral 

 line at the anterior end of the body. It enters the ductus 

 Cuvieri. It is made up of branches from the abdominal 

 wall. Trace it to the heart. 



Pelvic Veins 



Split the pelvis on the ventral side and identify the 

 pelvic vein which is usually paralleled by the pelvic artery. 

 Before going through the body wall it divides into two 

 branches. 



Pulmonary 



Examine the lungs and locate the two pulmonary veins 

 on the inner side of these organs. Follow them to the 



