INSECTS INJURING OAK-LEAVES. 155 



tarded in its appearance by a change to a cooler climate. Unfortunately I did not 

 make a description of the larva. 



The moth seems to represent a southern or local variety of this species. It differs 

 from several specimens of E. albifrons slightly but distinctly; it is smaller and the 

 white costal band is a little shorter and broader; inside of the discal spot it is not 

 oblique, but straight, and the tooth bounding the outer, costal side of the discal 

 spot is larger, rounder, and fuller, less conical than in E. albifrons. The submarginal 

 scallops are less curved, and the space in front of the discal spot is filled in more 

 densely with reddish brown. Expanse of wings. 35""". 



The pupa differs in the cremaster being consolidated, not forked, and the setae are 

 well developed. Length, 18™™. In a Providence pupa, however, the cremaster is 

 partly consolidated, only forked at the end, and the six setae are well developed. 



The following notes on the early stages of the caterpillar are from 

 Professor Riley's notes: 



When young the larvae feed in a phalanx, as it were, lying parallel on the leaf 

 and as close together as they can. 



Found at Woodstock, September 19, 1867, on the burr oak (Q. macrocarpa) some 

 full grown and others just undergoing the third molt. When full grown, 1.45 inch 

 in length, the body being larger on the abdominal than thoracic segments. Ground 

 color white with a very slight corneous tint, which with the highly polished surface 

 gives it the appearance of delicate porcelain. A subdorsal and stigmata! chrome- 

 yellow band on each about .03 diameter. The subdorsal lines are not only thicker but 

 wider apart on the abdominal than the thoracic segments, and between them, i. e., 

 along dorsum, are five polished black longitudinal lines, interrupted, however, at the 

 sutures and merging into but three on the anterior five segments. Between the two 

 yellow bands laterally are three other finer polished black lines and below the stig- 

 niatal yellow band several other longitudinal black marks, and one each side of venter. 

 Stigmata in the yellow baud, but being concolorous with it are scarcely noticed. 

 Venter of the same dull shiny white as the ground color, but a little more glaucous. 

 Legs and prolegs immaculate and also of the same color, the abdominals being large 

 and swollen above, while the anal legs are small. Head larger than segment one, 

 free, perpendicular, immaculate, glassy, and of a mixture of coral and yellow. 



Distinguishing feature. — Segment eleven with a transverse ridge above, of the 

 ground color with a band of the same color as the head, with a slight corneous mixt- 

 ure running transversely along its middle. 



Before the last moult it has lost the polished appearance ; the abdominal segments 

 are not noticeably larger than the thoracic ; the ground color is pure white, while 

 dorsal and stigmatal bands are sulphur-yellow, and the ridge on segment eleven is 

 more elevated dorsally and entirely corneous. 



Entered the ground during the latter part of September and transformed to chrye- 

 alids, appearing as moths the following April. 



211. Nadata gibbosa Walker. 

 (Larva, Plate xi. Fig. 6.) 



The caterpillar is not uncommonly found ou the oak. By the mid- 

 dle or last of September, in New England (Maine and Rhode Island), 

 it begins to pupate, not spinning a cocoon, and probably entering the 

 ground before assuming the chrysalis state. In Providence it occurred 

 on the white, in Maine on the red oak. In Georgia, according to Smith 

 and Abbot, it " feeds on the chestnut oak, and other oaks. It went into 

 the ground October 10 and came out March 15. Another went in June 



