INSECTS INJURING OAK-LEAVES. 165 



After third molt. — The two dorsal rows of spines on joints 3 to 10, and the mesial one 

 on joint 11, are reduced to subconical tubercles or warts, fascicled with short, stout, 

 simple spines of a pale fulvous color, tipped with black ; those on joints 1 and 2 re- 

 main much as before, but there is generally a fascicle of similarly fulvous spines at 

 the base of the latter. The other spines are somewhat stouter, with the blunt tips 

 from which the bristles spring more or less white. Characters of mature larva more 

 patent. 



After fourth molt. — The granulations assume the form of whitish transverse-oval 

 papillae, each emitting from the center a minute dark bristle. These papillae are 

 mostly confluent around the stigmata, and, together with some irregular, pale yel- 

 low markings, produce a broad and pale stigmatal stripe. They are most sparse 

 along the subdorsal region, just above stigmata, where, in consequence, the body 

 appears darkest. 



Matu7-e larva. — Average length, nearly 2 inches; color, brown-black ; head, cervical 

 shield, anal plate, and legs polished chestnut-brown, the prolegs lighter, and inclin- 

 ing to Venetian-red, with hooks more dusky and the true legs darker, inclining to 

 black at tips. The dorsal fascicled spines, with the exception of a few short black 

 ones in the center of each bunch, are pale rust-yellow, translucent, the tips mucronate 

 and black ; the other compound spines are black, with the blunt ends more or less 

 distinctly white and translucent (but frequently crowned with minute black points, 

 as in the first stage), and the sharp-pointed spinules arising from them dusky. They 

 are generally enlarged and reddish at base, and an approach to the dorsal fascicles 

 is made in the increased number and yellow color of the basal branches, especially 

 in the subdorsal rows. Stigmata sunken, pale, elongate-oval; venter yellowish 

 along the middle, the legs connected with red, and a reddish spot on the legless joints. 



Pupa.— The> larva, to transform, almost always enters the ground, and there, in a 

 simple, ovoid cell, the prickly skin is shed, and the pupa state assumed. It is now 

 of a deep brown-black color, heavy and rounded anteriorly, minutely shagreened or 

 roughened, except at the sutures of legs and wing-sheaths, where it is smooth and 

 polished. The margins of the three abdominal sutures next the thorax, and of that 

 between the last two stigmata-bearing joints, are more or less crimped or plaited, 

 while the three which intervene, and which are the only ones movable, are deep and 

 transversely aciculate (as if scratched with the point of a needle) on the hind, and 

 longitudinally and minutely striated on the front side. The body ends in a trian- 

 gular, flattened, ventrally concave tubercle, tipped with a few curled, blunt, rufous 

 bristles. 



Moth. — The wings are so lightly covered with scales that they are semi-transparent 

 and look like delicate black crape. The bands across them are cream-white, and 

 broadest on the hind wings. The female antennae below, the hair on the thighs, and 

 two small tufts behind the thorax, are brick-red, and the male differs from the female 

 in having broader, black antennae and a smaller abdomen, tipped with a large tuft 

 of brick-red hair. The color is cream-white, and the black hairs of the body more or 

 less sprinkled with hairs of the same pale color. 



221. Tolype velleda (Stal). 



The caterpillar of this remarkable moth was found by Abbot in 

 Georgia to feed on the willow oak {Quercus phellos) and the persimmon, 

 spinning its cocoon August 10, the moth appearing September 22. 

 In the northern States, where it has only been observed on the apple 

 and would be mistaken for a swelling of the bark, it spins its cocoon 

 also early in August, appearing as a moth forty days later. 



Larva. ^-Bodj 2i inches long ; much like that of G. americana, the color, however, 

 pale sea-green, marked with ash, blended into white, and beneath of a brilliant 



