INSECTS INJURING OAK-LEAVES. 193 



It feeds on the oak early in June, as one caterpillar occurred June 

 11, when it became a chrysalis, the moth appearing June 23. Hence 

 without much doubt there are two broods, the caterpillar occurring 

 late in summer turning to chrysalides, and hibernating as such, the 

 moth flying about in the spring and laying its eggs on the shoots, so 

 that the larva may hatch when the leaves are unfolding and find its 

 food ready and at hand. The first brood of caterpillars is found early 

 in June, and the second in August and early in September. The moth 

 is of the size and general shape of the common apple-leaf roller 

 {Caccecia rosana) and the cherry-leaf roller {G. cerasivorana), differing 

 in the particulars stated below 5 but the caterpillar is more like that of 

 C. rosana than G. cerasivo^ana. 



According to Professor Riley's unpublished notes this was found 

 May 15, 1869, on the I. M. R. R. rolling in perfect tubes the leaves of 

 the common oak. May 26 it pupated, and June 3 three moths issued. 



Larva. — Color delicate gias3 green, with a darker dorsal vesicular Hue. Not pol- 

 ished. Piliferous spots polished. Head browa. Cervical shield polished, glass-like, 

 and scarcely darker than body ; anterior edge lighter. Thoracic legs pale. 



Papa. — May 26 one changed to chrysalis with the abdomen yellowish, the dorsum 

 roseate and wing-sheaths green ; with two transverse rows of minute teeth on dor- 

 sum of largest abdominal segments, and also a few long hairs pointing posteriorly. 

 Six, sometimes seven, tolerably long, curved hooks at extremity, four springing from 

 the extreme point and two from the sides. Length scarcely 0.50 of an inch. Legs 

 do not reach as far as the wing sheaths. (Riley's unpublished notes. ) 



Of the usual form and color, but rather stout; the end of the abdomen has an 

 unusually large, sharp spine, with two lateral and two terminal large, stout, curved 

 sette or stiff hairs. Length, 12'"™. 



Moth. — Head, palpi, and thorax rust-red; fore wings bright rust-red; a broad, 

 median, rust-red, oblique baud bent downward iu the middle of the wing; on each 

 side are two yellowish-white costal blotches, the outer one usually triangular and 

 oblique, sending a narrow line to the inner edge of the wing ; a similar line on the 

 inside of the band. Outer margin of the wing yellowish white, with two tine, rust- 

 red lines, the outer one at the base of the fringe, which is whitish yellow. Hind 

 wings pale yellowish slate color, as is the abdomen. 



269. Caccecia fervidana (Clemens). 



The caterpillar wrs found by Professor Riley September 1, 1867,, 

 feeding on the oak, covering and inclosing numbers of the leaves by a 

 white glistening web; also fastening the brown grains of excrement 

 together with the silk so that it sometimes forms quite a large mass. 

 They were quite numerous in various portions of Illinois, Iowa, and 

 Missouri. 



The worm also generally resides in a sort of silken case. It devours 

 all the pulpy portions of the leaf. They are found on the burr oak, 

 though they will eat the leaves of half a dozen varieties that I have 

 given them. (Riley.) 



There are probably three broods annually of this insect, as in Illinois 

 it first appears in the middle of May, according to Miss Emma A. Smith, 

 5 ENT 13 



