INSECTS INJURING CHESTNUT LEAVES. 345 



This caterpillar was found by Mr. L. W. Goodell on the chestnut at 

 Amherst, Mass., August 20; on the 21st it drew a few leaves together, 

 and spun a thin, silky, pear shaped cocoon ; became a chrysalis the 

 24th, and was transformed to a moth September 13. 



Larva.— Body 2.3 inches long, the body largest near the tail, and tapering to the 

 head ; bluish green, with a thick wriukle on each ring, those on the fifth and eighth 

 thickest and light brown ; on the back of the eleventh ring two little warts tipped 

 with brown. (L. W. Goodell.) 



Pupa. — One and two tenths inches in length, bluish white, ending in a flattened 

 tail, tipped with black, and on each edge three small black spines, each ending with 

 a minute hook. (Goodell.) 



Moth. — Short bodied, quite hairy; male antenuse heavily pectinated, wings deeply 

 scalloped ; delicate ocher-yellow, with a reddish tinge towards the edge of the wings, 

 and on the head and front of the thorax. Fore-wings with two lines, often inter- 

 rupted, or only developed on the costa ; inner line on the inner third of the wing; 

 the curved outer line, beginning near the inner, diverges and follows a sinuate 

 course, ending much nearer the apex than the inner line, the distance varying ; both 

 wings speckled, sometimes thickly, with unusually large spots ; outer edge of both 

 wings deeply excavated, especially opposite the second median venule. Hind wings 

 with no lines, only an obscure discal dot. Expanse of wings, 2. "2 inches. 



This moth ranges from Maine to Missouri. The larva is also described 

 by Mr. S. H. Scudder as living on the black birch. Mrs. Dimmock has 

 published the following account of this insect in Psyche, iv^, p. 272. 



Eugonia alniaria Linn. (Syst. Nat., 1758, ed. 10, p. 19) [=^. magnaria Guen<?e]. 

 The eggs of this species are flattened, oblong, 1.1™'" long, .6""™ wide, and .5""" 

 high. They are of a greeuish-brown, somewhat polished bronze color, and when 

 laid upon a smooth surface are arranged side by side in a curve having the length of 

 the abdomen of the female moth for its radius. When laid upon bark and rough 

 surfaces the eggs are in broken, short rows. A single female deposits 500 to 600 eggs. 

 Oviposition takes place iq September and October, and the eggs hatch in May and 

 June, hibernation taking place in the egg state, as is the case with some other species 

 of Geometridce. Hellins (Entom. Mo. Mag., March, 1870, vol. vi, p. 222) gives similar 

 dates for oviposition and hatching in England. The larva and pupa are described 

 by Herr (Anleitung d. Raupen d. deutschen Schmett., 18.33, p. 258) who enumerates 

 the following food-plants : Betula, Alnus, Corylus avellana, Carpinus, Betulus, Ulmua, 

 apple, pear, stone fruit, and Tilia. Herold (Deutscher Raupenkalender, 1845, p. 135) 

 gives Fagus in addition to the above-mentioned trees. Harris (Entom. Corresp., 

 1869, p. 320) gives notes on different stages of this species. Kaltenbach (Pflanzen- 

 feinde, 1872, pp. 89, 218, and 552) adds Acer, Eosa, and Populusas food-plants. Lintner 

 (Entom. Contrib., No. 3, 1874, p. 165), in a note on Eugonia magnaria gives Syringa 

 vulgaris as fpod- plant. Packard (Mon. Geom. Moths, 1876, p. 530) quotes descriptions 

 of larva and pupa by Goodell and by Scudder; the former entomologist gives Casta- 

 nea vesca, and the latter Betula lenia as food-plant. Roiiast (Annales Soc. Linn, de 

 Lyon, ann., 1882, [1883], vol. xxix, p. 340) adds Quercus rohur to the food-plants. 

 Packard (Bull. No. 7, U. S. Entom. Comm., 1881, p. 92) repeats Goodell's description 

 of the larva and pupa, adds one of the moth, and further remarks that Scudder's 

 description "is so different from Mr. Goodell's that I fear it refers to a different in- 

 sect." This is not, however, the case, but the larva is very variable in coloration. 

 Worthington (Can. Eutom., January, 1878, vol. x, p. 16) writes: "This larva evi- 

 dently changes its color somewhat with different food, as these [larvje] closely 

 resemble the bark of this tree [maple]." The general coloration may vary to match 

 that of the bark of the tree on which the larvae feed, but the head, which is the part 

 of the larva that varies most, is slate gray, green, or dull red, in specimens taken 



