BIRCH CATERPILLARS. 501 



color of the under side of the birch leaf, with two parallel white dorsal stripes; four 

 ■whitish yellow dots on the side of each abdominal segment. Spiracles deep orange 

 red. Thoracic legs yellowish, each joint stained black. Length, .37. 



52. Endropia armataria H.-Sch. 



Order Lepidoptera; family Phal.enid.e. 



The following account of this insect is copied from Mrs. Dimmock's 

 Bircli Insects, in Psyche, iv, p. 272 : 



Endropia armataria Herrich-Schaeffer (Samml. nener. od. wenig bekannter ausse- 

 reur. Schmett., 1850-'58, pi. 65, tig. 373-374). Saunders (Can. Entom., October, 1871, 

 Yol. 3, p. 130-131; (Ann. Rept. Entom. Soc. Ontario, 1871, p. 38) describes the 

 larva of this species which he found on species of Eibes. A female of this species 

 taken June 15, 188!, in Cambridge, Mass., was confined over fresh twigs of ^cer, 

 Eibes rubrum, and B. aureum. On June 18 she laid two rows of elongated, flattened 

 <^gg8 upon a leaf of Acer; their color was light green, but by June 20 they had be- 

 come shining carmine-red, which later becam.e dull red. The eggs were 0.7™"' long, 

 5mm wide, aud 0.4™'" high, and were placed closely side by side in rows and gummed 

 to the leaf. They hatched June 27. The larvfe would not readily eat leaves of Ribes, 

 but ate, in order of preference, leaves of Betula alba, of Acer, and of apple. One pu- 

 pated August 2, 1883, aud the imago appeared August 19, 1883 ; the second pupation 

 occurred August 6, 1883, but the imago did not appear until June 3, 1884; two more 

 pupated August 17, 1883, both of which produced imagos about June 7, 1884. In 

 this case, of the four larviB which succeeded in producing imagos, all wer? subjected 

 as nearly as possible to equal conditions, being reared in the same jar, upon the same 

 plants, which were kept fresh with their stems in water, yet one of the imagos ap- 

 peared the same fall, only seventeen days after pupation, while the three others 

 remained about ten months in the pupal state. Those reared by Mr. Saunders hiber- 

 nated as pupae. 



53. Paraphia subatomaria Guen^e. 



The caterpillar of this species appears to be a general feeder, not 

 only living on the pine but also on the birch, according to Mrs. Dim- 

 mock, whose historical notes we copy : 



Paraphia subatomaria Guen^e (Hist. Nat. d. Ins., 1857, vol. 9; Uran. et Phal., vol. 

 1, p. 272). A larva taken on Betula alba, at Belmont, Mass., August 12, 1882, pupated 

 September 19, and a male imago emerged October 8, 1882. This larva was mistaken 

 for a young larva of Ci/matophora crejmscularia. Another larva, taken on the same 

 species of plant, at Cambridge, Mass., September 10, 1882, pupated September 27, 

 and produced a female imago October 28, 1882. A third larva taken in Cambridge, 

 on the same plant in the fall of 1883, pupated, and would have hibernated as pupa 

 bad it not been kept iu a warm room ; the moth emerged during the winter. Packard 

 (Mod. Geom. moths U. S. 1876, p. 418) writes: "The moth has been raised by Mr. 

 W. Saunders, of London, Canada, from a 'brown geometric larva on the pine, the 

 imago appearing June 24.'" (Psyche, iv, p. 272.) 



54. Ephyra penduUnaria Guen6e. 



According to the following notes of Mrs. Dimmock this caterpillar 

 appears to occur on the birch as well as the sweet fern. 



" When about to transform," says Mr. Scudder, " it slings itself in a 

 thread which crosses its body between the sixth and seventh segments, 

 and closes its anal prolegs tightly in a mass of silk spun at this point, 



