502 FIFTH REPORT OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL COMMISSION. 



and on the 17th of July changed to a pupa. On the 12th I found a 

 chrysalis just ready to turn ; it was fastened to the midrib of a leaf 

 near the middle, with the threads of the swing well separated and well 

 pushed under." 



Ephyra pendulinaria Giien^e (Hist. Nat. d. Ins., 1857, v. 9, Uran. et Phal., v. i, p. 

 414). Packard (Mou. Geom. Moths U. S., Iri76, pp. 363-364) givea a description, by 

 S. H. Scudder, of the larva and pupa of this species ; the hirva fed ou Comptonia 

 asplenifoUa. A larva of this species, taken on Betula alba, at Wachusott, Mass., 

 August 26, 1882, pupated August 28, and the imago appeared May 14, 1883. (Dim- 

 mock). 



Larva. — Light green, with longitudinal white lines, and dotted with white spots. 

 A dorsal and three subdorsal lines ; the dorsal straight, but the others broken and 

 irregular, the stigmatal edge wrinkled, the white spots irregularly scattered. Body 

 beneath with the white lines interrupted. The last segment, with the anal prolega 

 and tip of the first pair of prolegs, slightly reddish. Thoracic legs pale greenish, 

 black at the tips. A few scattered hairs ou the body. Head faint reddish, marbled 

 with whitish, with two white stripes. Length, 0.40; thickness, 0.12 inch. 



Pupa. — Light green, a black stripe broken twice towards the end on each side, 

 along the hinder margin of the wing. Two protuberances, one at the base of each 

 wing, white brownish at base; tail piece almost colorless, tip red* Abdominal seg- 

 ments of a lighter color than the rest, with dots of a lighter tint ; anterior half of 

 each abdominal segment puuctate ; posterior half minutely striate ; a thread crosses 

 the body, upon which it rests suspended ; the thread splints in two, being fastened by 

 four points. It is slightly roofed on the back. (Scudder.) 



Moth. — Antennae of male moderately pectinated. Body and wings white, speckled 

 with dark gray or blackish. It diifers from E. myrtaria in being white, with four 

 lines on the fore-wings and by the large discal ringlets, and the mesial shade. Ex- 

 panse of wings, 25"'° (1 inch). 



55. Boarmia erepuacularia Treitschke. 



Mrs. Dimmock, as will be seen by the following statements, has 

 reared the larva of this species from the white birch. 



Cymatophora crepuscularia Treitsch. (Schmett. v. Europa, 1827, v. 6, pt. 1, p. 190). 

 Goodell (Can. Entom., Apr., 1878, v. 10, p. 67) has described the larva of this species 

 from a single specimen taken on plum, May 30 ; pupation took place June 6, and the 

 imago emerged June 19. In Europe this very variable larva has often been reared. 

 Herr (Anleituug d. Schmett, u. Raupen * * * 1833, pt. 2, p. 272) gives a good 

 description of the larva, and states that its food-plants are Aquilegia, Salix, PopiduSy 

 Alnus, Ulmus, Spartium, and Sambiiciis. Kalteubach (Pflanzeafeiude, 1872, p. 614- 

 615) writes: "Avery common geometrid, whose larva is very diflferently marked 

 according to its food-plant. On Salix Borkhausen found it brownish green, on Italian 

 poplar gray green, on Alnus brownish gray, on Ulmus lighter green than on Salix, on 

 Sambucus gray brown, etc. Treitschke's specimens, reared ou plum, were yellowish. 

 Pupation takes place under the ground ; the moth appears in two generations, in 

 spring from hybernated pupaj and again in July. The larvae appear in June and in 

 September." Kalteubach (op. cit., pp. 110, 234, 302, and 435) adds the following to 

 previously mentioned food-plants: Betula alba, Genista, Quercus, Rubus, Lonicera, 

 and Ligustrum. The larva of this species is common ou Betula alba in eastern Massa- 

 chusetts, where it is found ready for pupation as early as the middle of June. Of 

 three larvae taken August 12, 1882, one pupated August 29 and hibernated as pupa, 

 developing an imago the next spring ; another pupated September 2 and died later, 

 and the third pupated September 2 and the imago appeared September 28 of the same 

 year. Tw^o annual broods of larvas are therefore probable in New England, as In 



