732 FIFTH REPORT OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL COMMISSION. 



that there is scarcely a pine more thau 4 feet high ou his grounds 

 which is not niore or less affected by this borer. " I have found it on 

 Pinus strobus, P. rubra or resinosa, P. aicstriaca, P. sylvestris, P. cembra, 

 Corsican, lofty Bothan and Russian pines. P. sylvestris seems to suffer 

 most, as the limbs, and often the main stems, are constantly breaking 

 off". Only a few days ago one of our finest specimens of P. strobus (a 

 tree over 30 feet in height and almost perfect in shape) had about 6 feet 

 of the top broken off — the effects of this borer. I am in hopes the small 

 parasitic flies I found in the larva will soon get the upper hand, so as 

 to keep them in check." 



Additional observations have also been made by Mr. D. S. Kellicott, 

 who states* that the moth is pretty widely spread, as it occurs not only 

 in foreign and native pines in and about Buffalo, but that he has "found 

 it quite abundant in small white pines of the forest at Cheektowaga,Erie 

 County, N. Y. At this place I found many plants had been dwarfed 

 and ruined by their ravages. It also occurs, to what extent I am 

 unable to say, at Hamburg and Clarence Center, in the same county. 

 I recently visited a portion of this State, Oswego County, formerly 

 clad to some considerable extent with white pine, and there are yet 

 standing some virgin forests of this splendid tree. In divers places in 

 that county I found our borer; it is so abundant, in one locality at least, 

 that it proves a grave enemy to the young pines of second growth where 

 the primitive trees have been removed by the lumbermen. There is 

 near Hastings Center an old slash in which at least one-half of the 

 many such small jiines have been injured; indeed, in one neglected 

 corner, among scores scarcely one tree had escaped. In this instance, 

 also, many pines were stunted, while some thus weakened had been 

 broken off' by the wind." * * * " In a clump of pines, whose trunks 

 were from 6 inches to 1 foot in diameter, many of the larger ones had 

 been 'boxed,' i. e., inclined incisions had been cut by the axe through 

 the sap-wood in order to catch the pitch exuding from the wound. 

 Around the borders of these ' boxes ' the galleries with both pupa 

 skins and living larvae were plentiful. It appears that the larva can not 

 penetrate the outer bark of other than quite tender trees ; nor could I 

 find evidence of their attacking the branches of larger trees, although 

 I had opportunity to examine such that had been felled during the 

 winter just past. Since the larva so readily takes advantage of a 

 wound, may it not stand related as a messmate to other borers ?" * * * 

 " I have found the moth's galleries in both trunk and branch, both 

 above and below the whorls (usually below), sometimes completely 

 girdling the stem, thus killing the portion above ; in one instance I 

 found a gallery passing from one whorl to the one above." 



This larva, observes Dr. Kellicott (Eut. Americana, i, 1885, p. 173), 

 does not produce so large an excrescence as ^geria pirn. "The 

 excrescences are also more irregular, often a mere line or track of 



"Canadian Entomologist, xi, p. 114, 1879. 



