PINE CATERPILLARS. 781 



dot. Fringe pale and concolorous on both wings. Hind wings with a broad doubled 

 shade about midway between the faint discal dot and the outer edge of the wing 

 (sometimes wanting). Beneath, whitish, with a decided ocherous tint, speckled 

 thickly with brown. An inner and outer ocherons-brown line common to both wings; 

 the outer line broad on the costa, and on the hind wings accompanied by an outer 

 shade. Discal dots on both wings dark, distinct. Legs ocherous. Expanse of wings, 

 1.20 inches. 



107. The evergreen cleora. 

 Cleora pulchraria Minot. 



The caterpillar of this pretty moth is of commou occurrence on the 

 pine as well as the spruce, fir, and hemlock. In certain years it is 

 quite common, and was observed in greater abundance on spruce and 

 firs along the road from the Glen House, White Mountains, to Jackson, 

 N. H., than elsewhere. It is so common on these trees as to merit 

 especial attention. 



The caterpillars were observed in the White Mountains during the 

 first week in July. They began July 18 to spin a loose, thin, open, 

 slight yellowish cocoon among the leaves, the pupa state lasting about 

 three weeks, the moths appearing August 14. On the coast of Maine 

 it occurs on the hemlock, some of the caterpillars being without the 

 usual black spots on the sides of the body. The moths are found flying 

 in the woods through September. The caterpillars are also found on 

 the Maine coast in July and early in August, pupating August 5 to 8, 

 and the moths appearing during the last week in August, remaining in 

 the pupa state about fourteen days. At Providence we have beaten the 

 chrysalides out of hemlocks early in October, the moths appearing soon 

 after. The green chrysalides, which are striped with white, are very 

 pretty objects. They rest among the leaves in a loose network of yellow 

 silk threads, retaining their hold by the curved hooks on the large 

 spine (cremaster) at the end of the body. The caterpillar is a very 

 pretty one, being yellowish, spotted with black on the head and body. 

 It is somewhat similar to the larva of Zerene catenaria, but less con- 

 spicuously marked. 



Larva. — Body moderately thick, of the same diameter throughout, smooth, with 

 no warts, but somewhat wrinkled. Head of the same width as body, slightly wider 

 than the prothoracic segment, and above slightly swollen on each side of the deep 

 median suture ; pale whitish, sometimes reddish brown, with five or six large black 

 spots and smaller minute dots. Body whitish horn (testaceous, often reddish) with 

 a yellowish tint. On the first segment are four dorsal black dots arranged in a square ; 

 on the second and third segments a single transverse row of four unequal black dots, 

 as also on the abdominal segments. A lateral band, .yellow except near the sutures, 

 below which, on the sides of the body, are four narrow, wavy, broken, dark hair-lines, 

 arranged in two sets. Supra-anal plate with four black spots ; anal legs of moderate 

 size, flesh red, spotted with black-brown. Thoracic feet pale flesh color, or banded 

 with brown and dark at the tips. Body beneath pale flesh, with two dark, faint lines. 

 Often on each side of the clear, reddish-brown back is a row of long, narrow, lanceo- 

 late, oval, snow-white spots, edged narrowly, but distinctlj^ , with brown. The lateral 

 band is sometimes very distinct, and incloses on the upper edge the black, distinct 



