912 FIFTH REPORT OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL COMMISSION. 



in June and July. In England the moth is known to appear as late as 

 July and August. 



"All the facts ascertained about the habits of the species would 

 indicate that there is great irregularity in development, though but 

 one annual brood. The insect hibernates at different stages of larval 

 development, and the chrysalis is found throughout the spring months. 

 The moths begin to appear as early as April, but continue to issue dur- 

 ing the summer. 



"The eggs, which are not yet known, are doubtless laid singly upon 

 different parts of the tree during the summer months and the worms 

 begin to appear in autumn. I found no trace of them in July, and Mr. 

 Foster has often wondered what became of them during the summer. 



"The worm from birth webs the leaflets together and lives within a 

 more or less perfect silken tube, this tube being more complete around 

 the hibernating individuals. The sprigs and branches affected by the 

 worm present a seared and brown appearance, and a tree badly affected 

 may be recognized at a great distance. The Irish and the Swedish 

 junipers (varieties of «7. communis) are both badly affected, but I did not 

 find it on the Jwiiperus virginiana, which is indigenous to the island. 



"It is difficult to reach this worm by any application that will kill it 

 by contact, and for that reason the only way of ridding the trees of it 

 is to use some poison, like Paris green or London purple, that will be 

 eaten when the worm issues from its web to feed. 



" In point of fact, Paris-green water proved eff"ectual in some experi- 

 ments made with it at the department on living worms in confinement, 

 whereas gasoline, which Mr. Foster applied to the trees, seemed to 

 have little effect. 



"Another webworm, Ypsolophus marginellus, feeds in a similar man- 

 ner on juniper in England, but is not found in this country." 



Larva. — Normally constructed, carneous in color, the head and prothoracic shield 

 highly polished, deep gamboge-yellow. The head retractile, oblique. Ocelli and man- 

 dibles more dusky. Body wrinkled, tapering very gradually from the mesothoracic 

 joint to the end. Normal complement of legs. The piliferous spots extremely small 

 and indicated more by the short, pale, glistening setous hairs arising therefrom. 

 Wrinkles as in Fig. 302. Hind borders of abdominal joints slightly thickened dor- 

 sally. 



Chrysalis. — Color honey-yellow, the skin so delicate that the colors of the imago 

 show clearly through it prior to emergence. Normally shaped, elongate, slender ; 

 the abdominal joints having, superiorly, two transverse rows of rather minute spines; 

 the end blunt and unarmed ; the venter with a few blunt, setous hairs ; the anten- 

 nal sheaths reaching not quite to the tip of the wing-sheaths. Average length, 5""". 



Imago. — Average expanse, 12""™. Primaries bright glossy orange, crossed by four 

 reddish-brown bands. The second band from the costa is slightly angulate ; the 

 third band has the form of a letter K, the top of the K being usually closed, though 

 occasionally open. The apical band is wedge-shaped, reaching nearly to inferior 

 angle. Frequently this coalesces with the inferior part of the third band. Indeed, 

 as Wilkinson states,* though constant in color and size, much variation is found in 

 the ornamentation of the fore wings. Hind wings dark gray, with cilia of same 

 color. (Riley.) 



* British Tortrices, p. 318. 



