38 HELICIDA. 
carinate. 28 sp. Mediterranean region. H. filimargo, Ziegler 
(xciv, 47). 
Xeroleuca, Kobelt, 1877. Shell peculiarly sculptured; without 
markings. 4 sp. Northern Africa. H. Mograbina, Mor. 
Helicopsis, Fitz., 1833. (Candidula, Kobelt, 1871.) 40 sp. 
Mostly Europe and Syria. H. striata, Drap. 
Turricula, Beck, 1837. (Obelus, Hartmann, 1840. Crenea 
[pt.], Albers, 1850.) Shell conical, perforate or umbilicate, 
usually costulate, last whorl more or less angulated at the 
periphery. H. pyramidata, Drap. (xevi,49). 38 sp. 8. Europe, 
N. Africa, Syria, ete. 
Cochlicella, Risso, 1826. (Elisma, Leach, 1840. Longeva, 
Muhlf.) Shell narrowly perforate, turreted-conical, white, 
fasciate: whorls 6-9, the last usually subangulate; aperture 
rounded-oval; peristome simple, acute, the margins approaching. 
H. acuta. Mill. 9 sp. Southern Europe, ete. 
OCHTHEPHILA, Beck, 1837. Shell umbilicated or perforated, 
trochiform or subdiscoidal, striate, ribbed or granulate; whorls 
4-8, the last carinated or angulated, deflected near the aper- 
ture; aperture circular or subcircular; peristome continuous, 
the extremities joined by a ridged callus, more or less thickened, 
a little reflected. 23 sp. Canary Islands, Madeira. . 
Hystricella, Lowe, 1854. Shell conuloid or trochiform. H. 
bicarinata, Lowe (xev, 50). Madeira. 
Geomitra, Swains., 1840. (Coronaria, Lowe, 1854.) Shell 
mammillate. H. coronata, Desh. 
Heterostoma, Hartmann, 1844. (Spirorbula, Lowe, 1854.) 
Shell planorbiform. H. paupercula, Lowe. 
Trus, Lowe, 1854. (Placentula, Pfr., 1855.) Shell turbinately 
depressed. H. depauperata, Lowe. 
Placentula, Lowe, 1854. Shell discoidally depressed. #H. 
Maderensis, Wood. 
Actinella, Lowe, 1854. (Rimula, Lowe, 1854. Caseolus, 
Lowe, 1854.) Shell narrowly umbilicated or subperforated, 
globosely Gepressed ; the last whorl more or less carinated or 
angulated, slightly deflected in front; aperture oblique; peris- 
tome simple, plaited within; lip reflected at the base, its extrem- 
ities more or less approaching and connected by a callus. 18 sp. 
Madeira. H. compacta, Lowe. 
Tectula, Lowe, 1854. Shell umbilicate or narrowly perforate, 
depressed pyramidal, scabrously granulate; last whorl carinate ; 
peristome simple, callously labiate within, the approximating 
margins joined by a thin callus. H. Bulweri, Wood. 3 sp. 
Madeira. 
Craspedaria, Lowe, 1854. Shell with revolving ribs. HH. del- 
phinula, Lowe. 2sp. Madeira. 
