346 APPENDIX. 
b. Pleuree uncinate. 
Uncinus with an additional internal cusp (Buccinide). 
Uncinus simple, rhachis armed. 
Cusps, large, few (Muricide, Olivide, Harpide). 
Cusps small, numerous (Turritide). 
Uncinus foliated, rhachis unarmed (Columbellide),. 
Suborder 2. Anactodonta ['Tzenioglossa, Troschel]. Cusps 
recurved from the fore-part of the plates (Volutidae, Nati- 
cide, Tritonidze, Ranellide, Doliide, Cassidide, Strom- 
bidee). 
Order 2. Rostrifera. 
Suborder 1. Orthodonta (Heteropoda and Phoride). 
Suborder 2. Anaclodonta [ Tzenioglossa, Troschel ]. 
A. Marine or littoral | Cypreidz, Vermetide, Calyptra- 
eid, Planaxide, Littorinide, Cerithiide, Rissoidae, 
Truncatellide). 
B. Aquatic (Melaniidze, Paludinidz, Valvatidee). 
C. Terrestrial (Cyclophoride, Cyclostomidz, Diplom- 
matinidee). 
Herman v. Jhering’s classification of the mollusca, published 
in the “ Jahrbticher der Deutschen Malakozoologischen Gesell- 
schaft,” iii, 1876, and ‘“ Vergleichende Anatomie des Nerven- 
systemes und Phylogenie der Mollusken,” 1877, has not met 
with general acceptance ; the only novelty in most of his groups 
being the new names. In the few real changes made he is 
singularly unhappy, the characters being in disaccord with 
others generally recognized as of much greater importance. 
Dr. Paul Fischer thus concludes a careful review of von 
Jhering’s works: ‘He has endeavored to introduce into the 
classification certain characters afforded by the nervous system. 
He is premature in this, for what we know of the nervous sys- 
tem is absolutely insuflicient. For the rest, his classification is 
only a combination of characters derived from the branchiz 
and dentition. It is worth neither more nor less than those of 
Mirch, Gray, Gill, Adams, etc., and I do not find in it a trace of 
real progress; only the names of the fundamental divisions have 
been changed. Is this the last word of the new anatomical 
school ?”—Fiscuer, ‘ Sur la nouvelle classification des Mollusques 
de M. von Jhering, ‘s Journal de Zoologie, vi, Paris, 1877. 
The late Dr. T ‘oschel (Archiv fiir Naturgeschichte, 1876) 
speaks quite as plainly as to the demerits of this classification, 
and takes the opportunity to disclaim any intention, by his own 
studies of the dentition of the mollusca, to advocate the execlu- 
sive use of the characters afforded by the lingual organ in 
classification. This veteran conchological anatomist modestly 
