II GENERA OF PHYLLOPODA 35 



carapaces, closely resembling those of the modern Estheria, are 

 known in beds of all ages from the Devonian period to recent 

 times ; these carapaces are in several cases associated with fossils 

 of an apparently marine type. None of the fossil species differ 

 in any important characters from those now living, so that the 

 Phyllopoda have existed in practically their present form for 

 an enormously long period ; this fact, and. the evidence that 

 species of existing genera were at one time marine, explain the 

 wide distribution of animals at present restricted to a remarkably 

 limited range of environmental conditions. 



Summary of the Characters of the Genera. 



Sub-Order Phyllopoda. — Brancliioi^oda with an elongated body, pro- 

 vided witli at least ten pairs of post-cephalic limbs, the heart extending 

 tlirough four or more thoracic segments, and having at least four pairs of ostia. 

 Fam. 1. Branchipodidae.^ — Carapace rudimentary, eyes stalked ; the 

 second antennae Hat and unjointed in the female, jointed and prehensile in 

 the male ; female generative opening single ; telson not laterally com})ressed, 

 bearing two flattened lobes, or none. The heart extending through the 

 thorax and the greater part of the abdomen. 



A. Eleven jjairs of praegenital ambulatory limbs. 



a. Abdomen of six well -formed segments and a telson ; anal lobes 

 well formed, their margins setose. 



Branchineda, Verrill — Second antennae of (^ without lateral 

 appendages ; ovisac of $ elongated. B. paludosa, O. F. 

 Miill. — Circumpolar. 

 Brancliiopodo'psis, G. O. Sars - — Second antennae of $ as in 

 Branchinecta ; ovisac of 5 short. B. hodgsoni, G. O. Sars 

 - — Cape of Good Hojje. 

 Branchipus, Schaeffer — Second antennae of S with simjtle 

 internal filamentous appendage. B. stagnalis, Linn. — 

 Central Euro2:)e. 

 Strcptocephalus, Baird — Second antennae of $ 3 -jointed, the 

 last joint bifid ; an external filamentous appendage. H. 

 torvicornis, Wagn., Poland. 

 Chirocephalus, Prevost — Second antennae of S 3-jointed, with a 

 jointed internal appendage, which bears secondary processes, 

 four cylindrical and one lamellar. C diap)liamis, Prevost 

 (Fig. 2, p. 20). — Britain, Central Europe. 

 h. Abdominal segments five or fewer, and a telson. Anal lobes 

 small or 0, sparsely or not at all setose. 



Artemia, Leach — Second antennae of c? without filamentous 



^ Consult Baird, " Monograph of the Branchiopodidae, " Proc. Zool. Soc. 1852, 

 p. 18. Packard, I2th Ann. Re}), U.S. Geol. Siirve7j, parti., 1879. - 



2 Arch. f. Math, og Naturvidcnsk. xx., 1898, Nos. 4 and 6. Thiele, Zuol. Jahrh. 

 System, xiii., 1900, p. 563. 



