164 SEPTEMBER. 



Coleophora annulatella occurs, and that of C. ar gen- 

 tula on the seeds of the yarrow (Achillea millefolium). 

 On roses in gardens, on the dog rose in hedge- 

 rows, and (in Ireland) on the Rosa spinosissima, we 

 shall find the young larvae of Coleophora gryphipen- 

 nella; this is one of the few Coleophora larvae that 

 construct fresh cases as they outgrow the old ones. 

 This is effected in the following manner. The young 

 larva, finding from its increasing size, its habitation 

 become too circumscribed, proceeds to remedy the in- 

 convenience by providing a new one. To this end, 

 having chosen a leaf on which to operate, it attaches 

 its case firmly by the mouth or bottom part to the 

 foot-stalk of the leaf at the extreme corner ; it tlien 

 mines between the cuticles of the leaf until it has made 

 a blotch at the edge of the leaf of a semicircular shape 

 of sufficient size to suit its requirements ; it then com- 

 mences cutting off the mined portion (turning round 

 in its new case to effect its object), and fastens together 

 with silk the edges as it detaches the mined portion 

 from the leaf, and gives to its case a curved form as it 

 proceeds towards the point at which it entered : having 

 arrived here its task is accomplished, when it either 

 lets itself drop in its new abode by a silken thread to 

 the ground or a neighbouring branch, or crawls 

 upwards according to its fancy, leaving its old case 

 firmly affixed to the leaf stalk, and in this manner 

 manufactures several cases in succession, according to 

 its requirements, always leaving the old case sticking at 

 the foot of the leaf from which its new abode was cut. 

 Thus the tyro, whenever he sees a semicircular piece 

 cut out of a rose leaf, and on its foot-stalk a small or 



