24 LEPIDOPTERA. 



hnrdly a tinge of dark colouring at the tip. Some from the 

 Isle of Man are large, and have the under side of the hind 

 wings very richly coloured. 



Larva downy, tapering to each extremity, dark green with 

 minute black dots and yellowish dorsal and spiracular lines. 

 Feeding singly on cabbage and other Crucifcrcc, and very 

 frequently on Tropavlum ; occasionally on Reseda. June to 

 end of autumn. 



Pupa rather slender, angulated, whitish or pale buff, with 

 blackish and yellow dots and points. Common in the same 

 places as the jireceding species and fastened in the same manner, 

 but much smaller, having a curious power of adapting itself to 

 the colour of its surroundings. This is also a destructive 

 species, but rarely to a serious extent. Very hardy ; the larva 

 has been found feeding even into December, but always passes 

 the latter part of the winter in the pupa state. 



Universally distributed, and ranging over most of the 

 northern temperate regions. ]\Ir. Pryer has found it in vast 

 nmltitudes in Japan. In North America it appears to have 

 been unknown before 1859. In 1863 it appeared in great 

 numbers at Quebec, but whether as a migrant or as a casually 

 introduced and rapidly increasing species was not ascertained ; 

 but from that time it has spread into the United States, and 

 has increased in Canada in such a manner as to become a 

 source of great uneasiness and loss, so that effective steps 

 have been taken, by introducing its parasitic Ajjantdcs, to 

 check its multiplication. Moreover, it has there developed a 

 distinct yellow recurrent variety, apparently differing from 

 those previously known. 



3. P. napi, L. — Expanse, If to 2 inches. White with 

 nervures, tips and spots grey or black, under side of hind 

 wings green- veined. 



"White with grey nervures ; fore wings of the male having 

 the base, costa, and tips of the nervures blackish, a blackish. 



