PIERID.-E. 2; 



blotch at tlie apex, and sometimes a spot of the same colour 

 beyond the middle. Hind wings with a costal spot and tips 

 of the nervures blackish. Female with the base, apex, and 

 nervures of the fore wings more or less suffused with grey, and 

 with two large blackish spots beyond the middle, the second 

 of which unites with a grey cloud along the dorsal margin. 

 Hind wings with black costal spot and grey nervures. 



Under side of fore wings white with grey nervures and 

 yellow apex, and two more or less distinct black spots. 

 Hind wings rich yellow, with all the nervures broadly green. 

 In two broods. May or June, July or August, according to 

 climate, but on the wing most of the summer. 



Variation very considerable, to some extent climatal, and 

 also seasonal. A rather striking form, in which the nervures 

 are blackish, the spots large and the hind margin of fore 

 wings rounded, so as to differ in shape from ordinary 

 specimens, occurs usually in the earlier brood, and is met 

 with in many parts of the country. It was formerly 

 considered a distinct species under the name of Sabclliccc. 

 The south-west of Wales produces, rarely, in the first brood, a 

 female variety in which the fore wings for half their extent 

 are densely clouded with dark grey scales, but a tendency in 

 the same direction is frequent, and all intermediate forms 

 occur. In the north of Ireland — especially in the second 

 brood — females occur in whicli the apex is strongly black, the 

 spots large and the nervures above very much blackened ; and 

 males of unusually large size in which the apices also are 

 deep black, and a large round black spot appears on the upper 

 side of the fore wings. In all these dark forms the " green 

 veins " beneath become dilated and blackened in proportion, 

 but in the whiter forms in the English Midlands these become 

 nearly yellow, or the suffusion disappears except near the base 

 of the wings, leaving the latter almost without stripes. A 

 most beautiful female of a bright canary-yellow was secured 

 in one of the Norfolk fens by Mr. F. D. Wheeler and my 

 eldest sou. In this specimen the "veins" are pale grey. 



