NYMPHALID^. I2I 



Genus 2. VANESSA. 



Antennas with a rather stout club. Fore wings with the 

 hind margin concave, and frequently having a decided pro- 

 jection below the apex. Hind wings rounded, or with a 

 bluntly angular projection. 



LarVjE, cylindrical, spiny, often gregarious. 



Pupa angulated ; head with blunt antennal points ; fre- 

 quently ornamented with golden spots or blotches. 



The genus Vanessa is now broken up into several sub- 

 genera, for the purpose of classifying the numerous exotic 

 species, but for the few that we possess this subdivision 

 seems unnecessary. 



1 . V. c-album, Z. — Expanse 2 inches. Reddish fulvous, 

 with black spots ; hind margin dark, deeply hollowed out, 

 and with strong projections ; hind wings with a white C 

 beneath. 



Fore wings singularly shaped, hind margin somewhat squared 

 from the apex to a blunt projecting point below it, and also from 

 the anal angle to a similar point above it ; between these, deeply 

 hollowed out. Hind wings also with several projections, the 

 principal being a decided tail, broad and somewhat elongated, 

 in the middle of the hind margin, which is also scalloped 

 between the projections. Rich reddish fulvous, with the 

 bases of all the wings dusky, and the hind margins rather 

 broadly brown. Costal margin of fore wings with three large 

 irregular black spots — the first sometimes divided — three 

 smaller and rounder black spots along the middle of the 

 wing, and a large dusky one near the anal angle ; inside 

 the brown margin is a series of faint yellowish or reddish 

 clouds, slightly edged with brownish. Hind wings with three 

 black spots before the middle, and on the inner side of the 

 brown margin a row of yellowish or fulvous spots edged 



