128 LEPIDOPTERA. 



dull bluish submarginal band edged with black. lu the 

 middle of the hind wings, in the darkest band, is a small 

 white spot. 



Varies very little. Sometimes the black margin of the 

 fore wings contains three or four flat blue crescents, as in the 

 hind ; there is also some difference in the depth of colour on 

 the upper side, and still more on the under. A specimen in 

 the collection of Mr. S. J. Capper is thickly sprinkled all 

 over with black atoms, such as generally exist on the hind 

 wings. July (end) and August, and, after hybernation, from 

 March till May. 



Larva nearly 2 inches long, stout, slightly attenuated in 

 front ; body, with the exception of the second segment, 

 covered with trebly branched, reddish spines, tipf)ed with 

 black; head bristly, flattened in front and behind, larger 

 than the second segment. Dull dark purple, irrorated with 

 ochreous, especially on the back, where it frequently takes 

 the form of a series of pale diamond-shajjed spots. Dorsal line 

 conspicuous, black ; spiracles black, encircled with yellowish ; 

 beneath them is a rather broad ferruginous band. Head, 

 second segment, and legs black ; pro-legs reddish- brown. 



June. On elm and Wych elm (Ubnus mmpestris and 

 Z7. montana), feeding gregariously on the higher branches. 

 (Fenn.) 



Pupa moderately stout, tapering considerably towards the 

 tail. Head deeply bifid ; thorax with a conspicuous dorsal 

 projection and two smaller lateral ones on each side ; abdo- 

 minal segments each with a pair of conspicuous black dorsal 

 points, tipped with orange or yellow. Pale rosy-grey, shaded 

 and dusted with olivaceous brown and blackish, usually with 

 four conspicuous metallic-golden spots at the bases of the two 

 first pairs of dorsal points. Extremity of the wing-cases, 

 and also the points of the head and thorax, tipped with dark 

 brown. Sides with a triple row of black, obliquely placed, 

 dots. Suspended by the tail. (Fenn.) 



