NYMPHALID^. i33 



jjure aud clear ; even a little lighter, iu general colour, than 

 those reared out of doors ; but that if some of the pupte are 

 transferred to a temperature of 47° their emergence is delayed, 

 aud most of them come out darker in colour, often with dark 

 scales dusted over the yellow spot at the anal angle of the 

 fore wings, and clouded blackish scales on the median nervure 

 and between the central black spots. But those pupas which 

 are kept at a temperature of about 17^ entirely, occupy from one 

 to two months in perfecting the butterfly, and in these cases 

 the black markings are often enlarged and extended, with 

 the median nervure strongly blackened, and considerable 

 clouding between the spots ; the hind wings being still more 

 affected, the dark marginal band broadened, and the red 

 space between it and the black area much narrowed. One 

 specimen has the spots of the fore wings joined into a band. 

 Some of these specimens exposed to too low a temperature 

 have been unable fully to perfect their red scales, and are 

 semi-transparent and imperfect in markings or even somewhat 

 crippled. 



There is a rare recurrent variety in which the black borders 

 are obliterated and the central spots run together into 

 blotches ; others in which, the borders being normal, the 

 central black spots form a long blotch or band ; or the costal 

 spots are confluent ; or the hind wings entirely blackish, or 

 partially so ; while some have the ground colour pale yellowish 

 or straw colour. 



Mr. Sydney Webb has a most extraordinary abnormal form 

 — a specimen of the butterfly having the head of the larva. 

 It was reared from a pupa of the usual shape, and the larval 

 head must have been perfected inside the pupa skin. 

 Another in the same collection has half of each fore wing 

 white. 



Double-brooded, the first generation emerging in the 

 middle of -June, the second in August and September, 

 hybemating, and reappearing in the spring, from March or 

 April into May. Practically, specimens are to be found on 



