142 LEPIDOPTERA. 



In North America, where this species is abundant, it is, 

 according to Professor C. V. Riley, double-brooded, the first 

 brood of larvie occurring late in May and early in June, the 

 second in August. Found most frequently on willow, often 

 on low bushes within reach ; but also on elm, birch, Lombardy 

 poplar, and silver-leaved poplar. In 1870 he says it was 

 so abundant at Boston, Mass., as to strip the elms of their 

 foliage. I can find no record of its double-broodedness in 

 Europe, yet think it not unlikely that this is the case in 

 the South, since Dr. Lang says that the butterfly is on the 

 wing during most of the winter in the southern area of its 

 distribution. 



No record appears to exist of the finding of the larva or 

 pupa in this country, yet it seems that in some rare in- 

 stances specimens are captured which must have fed up here. 

 Dr. Fenwick Hele states that one was found clinwiner to a 

 post on the Aldeburgh Park estate in 1876, of which the 

 wings were limp and only jjartially expanded, and that they 

 afterwards developed most perfectly. He adds that this 

 specimen is in the collection of Mr. H. Wightman, of Alde- 

 burgh. It does not appear that the empty pupa-shell was 

 noticed. Two or three years ago the Rev. E. N. Bloomfield 

 captured a specimen in his garden near Hastings, which 

 appeared to have but just emerged, since it then dischai-ged 

 the red iluid, peculiar to the group, which is apparently 

 always given off before any long flight is taken. This 

 specimen has the margin yellowish, dusted with darker, 

 especially at the points. 



This handsome insect is, from its rarity, always a great prize, 

 and from its striking appearance cannot well be mistaken, 

 even when flying, for any other. It has no special localities, 

 except that those parts of the coast opposite to the nearer 

 portions of the Continent seem to be most favoured. It is 

 seen somewhere almost every year, but as a rule singly, and 

 many old entomologists have never captured, or even seen, 

 a living example. Yet in certain years, at long intervals, it 



