l64 LEPIDOPTERA. 



velvety streaks and a sliort black A -mark towards the end of 

 each segment, the black marks delicately edged with violet- 

 grey; head red, dotted with black; spines red at the base, 

 then ochreous, with branches and tips black ; ventral surface 

 dark red, dotted with ochreous; legs black. Or dingy 

 pinkish-brown, minutely freckled with paler atoms, with the 

 markings as already stated. (Buckler.) 



Mr. Buckler says that the eggs, which are laid in August, 

 do not hatch until eai-ly in March, and that the infant larvas 

 are at first brown, with black head and dorsal plate, and are 

 hairy, but after a few weeks become black, faintly marbled 

 with pale greyish, with a pale grey spiracular stripe, and 

 with the spines, which have now appeared, black. Later, the 

 spines become ochreous brown, but the body is still black, and 

 it is not until the larva is an inch long that the adult colour 

 begins to be assumed, the si^ines at the same time becoming 

 lengthened. 



On Viola canina, March to June or July. 



Mr. Hawes, who has collected them in some numbers in 

 Essex, describes the larva briefly : " Sooty black until the last 

 moult, when they change to fleshy-brown, with whitish 

 diamond spots along the back." Found feeding on violet in 

 the daytime. Mr. Frohawk tells me that the eggs do not 

 always hatch before the middle of April. 



Pupa stout, and rather shorts in proportion. Head blunt ; 

 body rounded to the back of the thorax, which is keeled and 

 then hollowed ; the segments of the abdomen forming a full 

 round curve, with two rows of blunt spines down the dorsal 

 region. Wing-covers long and well developed, their margins 

 standing out with a prominent ridge, rendering the outline 

 broad in front. Pitchy brownish-black, with a row of some- 

 what paler diamond-shaped dorsal spots ; margins of the 

 wing-covers deep browuish-ochreous ; and the dorsal points of 

 a glistening golden ; the rest of the surface also glistening. 

 (Buckler.) 



