NYMPHALIDJ£. i8i 



sub-dorsal line broad and brown ; broad black spots are placed 

 in front of the lateral spinas; spiracles black, set in pink 

 ovals ; below them a broad pinkish-red stripe ; legs black and 

 shining ; pro-legs pale pink, tipped with blackish-brown. All 

 over the body are scattered minute soft hairs arising fi-om 

 tiny raised dots. The newly hatched larva is pale olive 

 colour, with a black head, and i^ale brownish tubercles bear- 

 ing longish jointed bristles. A little later it is greenish, 

 rather translucent, still having the tubercles crowned with 

 bristles ; and with pairs of opaque brown spots on the fifth, 

 seventh, ninth, and eleventh segments. At the next change 

 of skin the spines appear in place of the long bristles, and the 

 colour becomes smoky olive, with dull yellow lateral stripes, 

 and rows of pale spots forming the sub-dorsal lines. Another 

 change of skin, when three-eighths of an inch long, shows a 

 broad pinkish-grey dorsal stripe, a sub-dorsal stripe of 

 blackish-brown, and rows of orange-coloured blotches. At 

 this stage the larva settles down to hybernate, and the colour 

 changes gradually to dull pale orange throughout, except that 

 the head and spines are black ; but at the first moult in the 

 spring the previous colours are re-assumed, and remain until, 

 at three-fourths of an inch in length, the final appearance, 

 already described, is assumed. (Buckler.) On Viola canina, 

 feeding at the end of June and through July, but settling 

 down for hj^bemation towards the end of that montli, among 

 the stems of the food plant, continuing thus through the 

 remainder of the summer, autumn, winter, and until April, 

 when it rapidly feeds up, assuming the pupa state — pro- 

 bably on some bit of stick or other neighbouring object — 

 in ^[ay. 



Pupa thick and obtuse, thickest in the middle, the edges 

 of the wing-cases projecting considerably and having a 

 hollow beneath them ; abdomen rounded, with two sub- 

 dorsal rows of short blunt points. Brown, with the wing- 

 cases brownish ochreous ; a black V on the back of the 



