NYMPHALID.-E. 195 



sea-cliffs, and even more inland in sheltered hollows, copses, 

 and waste places ; not every year in the same spot, but occa- 

 sionally shifting its ground. Always exceedingly local, and 

 sometimes emerging from the pupa state as early as i\Iay 8th, 

 but becoming more common towards the end of May and in 

 June. On the cliffs and sea slopes he found that it frequented 

 not only the flowers oi AnfJri/Ilk vulncraria, but those oi Lotus 

 corniculatus, Hippocrcpis comosa, Ononis arvcnsis, and the 

 common species of Rammculus and Hieracium. More inland 

 it was attracted by blossoms of Evphnrhin Kmjigdaloidcs and 

 Galium cruciatum. He also noticed that the male would 

 occasionally sit on flowers with the fore wings laid back over 

 the hind, but not often. Mr. A. H. Clark has noticed them 

 sitting on pathways, and thus sunning themselves. 



There are old records of its occurrence in Cambridgeshire, 

 Yorkshire, Lincolnshire, and near Leamington, and it is just 

 possible that some of these may be genuine, since the species 

 is widely distributed abroad, and frequents meadows ; but, if 

 so, it has long disappeared from these localities, as well 

 as from Birchwood and Uartford in Kent, the Tottenham 

 Woods, Dulwich ! Bedford, and Mr. J. C. Dale's locality 

 at Brockenhurst in the New Forest. It is also recorded, 

 rarely, from Wiltshire, but I know of no recent capture 

 there. In 1858 it was abundant on the Kentish coast from 

 Sandgate to Folkestone, and at Alkham, and continued to be 

 found there until 18G3, but appears about that time to have 

 died out, or to have been exterminated. The only localities 

 now known for it are on the cliS' slopes and the sheltered 

 valleys of the Isle of Wight, and the only hope of its pre- 

 servation there lies in the comparatively inaccessible nature 

 of some of the localities which it loves. Its habits in this 

 conntry show clearly that our climate is not suited to its 

 constitution, and that, even if unmolested, it holds its ground 

 only in the warmest southern slopes. Abroad it is double- 

 brooded, and ranges through the greater part of Europe and 

 a large portion of Asia. 



