480 0. CHARNOCK BRADLEY, 
nerve, also from a membranous expansion attached to the external 
apophysis of the basisphenoid, and is inserted into the upper border 
of the pterygoid bone within and behind the last muscle, extending 
as far backwards as the inner border of the Os quadratum; but it is 
not actually attached to this bone.” In Lvolepis bella (4) and Phryno- 
soma coronatum (5) SANDERS also describes one muscle, apparently 
corresponding to the more internal of the two of Platydactylus. He 
inclines to the view that here are representatives of the muscles of 
the middle ear of mammals. 
In all the true lizards dissected for the purpose of the present 
research, the M. pterygo-sphenoidalis posterior was found without 
difficulty, and with the attachments as given above for Varanus. 
M. pterygo-parietalis was not quite so constant, ,seeing that it could 
not be demonstrated in Agama, and took origin in Pseudopodus from 
the prootic instead of from the parietal or the membranous cranium 
in its vicinity. 
The single muscle described by SANDERS in Liolepis and Phryno- 
soma most likely corresponds to M. pterygo-sphenoidalis posterior — 
since this is the more constant — but its origin in these two animals 
differs from that found in the dissections of the present writer in 
being from the columella and prootic. 
In order to discover if these muscles are present in the aberrant 
‘lizards, Chamaeleon vulgaris was dissected. The muscles were not 
found. Nor does Mivarr describe them in Chamaeleon parson. In 
the rest of the Reptilia they are also apparently wanting. I have 
examined a Zestudo and failed to find them; and Osawa (13) does 
not mention them in his exceedingly careful description of the anatomy 
of the Hatteria. It appears, therefore, that these muscles are peculiar 
to the snakes and to those lizards with a columella. 
M. depressor palpebræ inferioris (Fig. 4 IZ. dep. pal.if). 
The third member of the group of deep-seated muscles is one which 
was named M. adductor maxillæ superioris by Fischer (14) who be- 
lieved that it was the M. palpebralis of Bosanus. FISCHER gave this 
particular name to the muscle as he considered that thereby he in- 
dicated its action, although he does not appear to have been very 
clear as to its precise insertion. WEBER (15) took exception to the 
name, and substituted that of M. depressor palpebre inferioris, holding 
that the insertion of the muscle was into the lower eyelid, and not 
to any part of the skull. The name as suggested by WEBER is here 
