164 J. B. JOHNSTON, 
neous to the fins or the body. C. J. HERRICK (97 and 99) has 
shown that in Menidia the communis components, in addition to 
their usual distribution to visceral structures, supply end buds by 
way of the ramus hyomandibularis and form the whole of the ramus 
recurrens VII (R. lateralis accessorius). This almost unanimous 
testimony of recent authors is perhaps conclusive on the subject of 
the innervation of the end buds. 
Nerves of the communis system. — The first of these 
is the sensory VII proper, which forms the R. palatinus, part of 
the R. hyomandibularis, part or all of the R. lateralis accessorius, 
and in some cases at least contributes to various rami of the V or 
lateral line VII. It supplies the front part of the pharynx and a 
large part of the end buds on the surface of the head and body. 
In the descriptions of STANNIUS (cf. preceding pages) this is his 
root 4 in Pleuronectes and Acipenser, root 3 in most Teleosts, and 
the larger part of root 3 in sharks. With this goes always the last 
root of the V—VII complex which forms the motor part of the VII. 
The sensory and motor components are described by GEGENBAUR (71) 
in Hexanchus as a single root, Fa. In Echinorhinus the sensory 
and motor roots are called by JACKSON & CLARKE (76) V and VII 
respectively. By MARSHALL (81) the VII is described in Elasmo- 
branch embryos as having a common ganglionic root with the VIII, 
but separating from it immediately. The motor root is here evidently 
bound up with the sensory as in Hexanchus. Ewart (’89) describes 
the common root of the palatine and hyomandibular as arising be- 
tween the V and VIII. A lateral line component is added to it 
from the superficial ophthalmic VII. The ventral root of CoLE (96) 
in Chimaera giving rise to the palatine and hyomandibular is doubt- 
less the same combined motor and sensory root as in other sharks. 
In Ganoids the sensory and motor roots are separate. The 
sensory root is the root Frd of GORONOWITSCH (’89), which forms 
no anastomoses whatever with the V in the ganglion but sends a 
small bundle of fibres to the lateral line VII. GORONOWITSCH cor- 
rectly describes this root as arising from the front end of the lobus 
vagi, which is here composed entirely of the fibres of this root. 
The motor component is GORONOWITSCHS Frv. ALLIS (97) de- 
scribes two roots to the median portion of the V—VII ganglionic 
complex in Amia. The anterior of these he homologizes with the 
“motor root VII ab of STRONG in Rana”; the posterior root “arises, 
as a bundle, at a high level in the brain, probably from the fasci- 
