512 MAYNARD M. METCALP, 



The rapheal muscle, in this as in other species, is bifurcated 

 above, half [of its strands going to each side of the ganglion. The 

 rapheal nerve ^) and the rudimentary rapheal duct lie along the right 

 hand one of the two muscle bundles. The nerve in its further course 

 becomes completely invested by the fibres of the muscle. (Cf. Text- 

 Fig. E, page 513, which shows the same relations in Boltenia reniformis.) 



Summary. 



These four Cynthias agree in the dorsal position and slight de- 

 velopment of the neural gland proper. On the other hand, the large 

 Cynthia papulosa and Cynthia pyriformis differ surprisingly from the 

 small Cynthia echinata and Cynthia carnea as regards the rapheal 

 duct. In the former this is very large and highly glandular, while 

 in the latter it is very short and gives no evidence of glandular 

 activity. 



A gangliated rapheal nerve is present in all four species. 



The ganglion and neural gland are fused at one point. 



The Cynthiinae like the Ascidiidae and Clavelinidae show marked 

 dextral asymmetry in the intersiphonal organs. 



The Bolteniinae. 

 Of this sub- family which includes the genera Boltenia, Cystingia, 

 Fungulus and Culeolus, I have but one representative, a species of 

 Boltenia, probably Boltenia reniformis Ma^cL. 



Boltenia reniformis MacL. 2). 

 Plate 35, Figs. 19—23, and Text-Figs. E and F. 



Boltenia like the Cynthias has a long slender ganglion stretching 

 forward beyond the ciliated funnel (Fig. 19). The funnel lies at 

 some distance to the right of the ganglion. From the funnel the 

 duct runs a short distance toward the median plane of the body, then 

 bends obliquely backward and upward to the dorsal surface of the 

 brain, where it enlarges into a spacious chamber (cf. Figs. 19 and 20). 

 This chamber, which is the neural gland, is partially filled with 

 degenerating cells derived from its dorsal and lateral walls (Fig. 20). 



Throughout the whole length of the gland, on the side next to 

 the brain, its epithelial cells are cubical and are arranged in a single 

 layer (Fig. 20). On each side of this area, between the bases of the 



1) This is gangliated as in other Cynthias. 



2) Cf. Metcalf, 18952, III. 



