Notes on the morphology of the Tunicata. 579 



veloped hermaphrodite gonads, evidently functional. It is, I think, 

 more natural to interpret these conditions by saying that one species 

 of this genus reproduces by budding and by eggs and sperm, while 

 another species reproduces sexually and may or may not sometimes 

 bud ; rather than to say that we have in Ociacnemus one species with 

 distinct solitary and chain individuals which, however, do not alter- 

 nate in their reproductive cycle, as in Salpa, but are both sexual^). 

 Octaenemus seems to conform to the Clavelinidae in the general 

 character of its budding. In Salpa the buds on the stolon are ar- 

 ranged belly to back, as in Octaenemus^ forming a linear series, but 

 this is also true of the buds upon the stolon of the Clavelinidae -). 

 In the absence of a knowledge of its life history it is difficult 

 to interpret the organization of Octaenemus. It seems, however, to 

 conform much more nearly to those simple Ascidians which reproduce 

 by budding than it does to the Salpidae. It is peculiar in its outer 

 form ; in the strange modification of the anterior part of the pharynx 

 (absence of stigmata and peculiar form of the chamber); in the ag- 

 gregation of the viscera into a rather compact mass ; in the precence 

 of a single pair of "gill slits" (perhaps modified stigmata); and in 

 the arrangement of the muscles. Such knowledge as we have of its 

 anatomy seems to justify placing Octaenemus in a distinct family 

 which might well be included among the simple Ascidians, nearer 

 to the Clavelinidae than to either of the other three families. 



Section VI. 



Pharyngeal and Cloacal Olands in Styela aggreyata 

 var. aniericana (V) ■). 



In order to bring together into one paper the description of my 

 recent observations upon the Tunicata, I include here, with but slight 

 modification, a note upon the above subject published a few years 

 ago in the Anatomischer Anzeiger^). 



Over the whole surface of the pharynx and cloaca of this 

 species there are minute slits, which are the openings of the ducts 

 of well developed glands. The glandular tissue lies in the mantle 



1) In my former paper, I followed Herdman's interpretation of 

 Octaenemus as a relative of the Salpidae. 



2) Cf. Lefèvre, 1898. 



3) This is the form which Stimpson has called Cynthia {Halo- 

 cynthid) partita. 



4) Metcalf, 18952-"- 



